A New Generation of X Ray Irradiators for Insect Sterilization

Mastrangelo, Thiago; Parker, Andrew G.; Jessup, Andrew J.; Pereira, Rui; Orozco‐Dávila, Dina; Islam, Amirul; Dammalage, T.; Walder, Júlio Marcos Melges

doi:10.1603/ec09139

Cited by 77 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The radiation sterilization of insects and sterile male insect release into a wild population of the same species was expected to prevent the reproduction of wild females and practiced for pest control (Knipling, 1955). At the first time such sterilization has used ɤ-radiation with a highly radioactive material, although, it is currently not available in the market due to difficulties related to the transportation of co-sources (Mastrangelo et al, 2010;Mehta and Parker, 2011). Alternatively, X-irradiators are used for sterilization of insect pests.…”

Section: Inherited Sterility Techniques (Ist)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato leafminer [(Tuta absoluta Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] and its current ecofriendly management strategies: A review

Aynalem¹

2018

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

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Continue climatic changes in the world enhance the emergence of invasive agricultural insect pests.Tuta absoluta is one of the most devastating tomato leafminer and it spreads extensively in almost all parts of the world. It is a serious threat for tomato production and it results in highest damage. T. absoluta has fast growth rate with developmental stages of egg, larvae, pupa, and adult and it adapts to different environmental conditions. A larva is the most destructive one that consumes preferably leaves, stems and fruits of the tomato plant by hiding within mesophyll of the plant tissues. Although different environmentally hazardous pesticides are used against T. absoluta, none of the insecticides give full control due to the resistance development. This problem calls an urgent search for eco-friendly alternatives to control this invasive insect. Recent investigations are focused on different environmental friendly approaches that inclusively termed as IPM strategies. These are cultural practices, biopesticides, and biological using parasitoids, predators, microbial cells, microbial products, RNAi, inheritance sterility development in insect and pest resistant plant cultivar production are considered as promising alternatives to control T. absoluta. Therefore, this review briefly describes the current status of these methods used to design suitable and sustainable management strategies against T. absoluta.

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Section: Inherited Sterility Techniques (Ist)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato leafminer [(Tuta absoluta Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] and its current ecofriendly management strategies: A review

Aynalem¹

2018

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

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“…The future availability of these small scale irradiators is in doubt due to growing difficulties associated with the transboundary shipment of radioisotopes. In recent years, several reports of delays and denials of shipments of radioactive materials have been forwarded to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), including reports related to 60 Co [4]. It is clear that SIT requires a regulatory framework to facilitate the commercial production, trade, shipment, and release of sterile insects.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of new radiation protocols for insect sterilization using long wavelength x-rays

Urquidi

Brar

Rodriguez

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Control of insect species for the protection of crops, livestock, and prevention of disease such as dengue fever and malaria is a high priority in today's global economy. Traditional methods such as pesticides have fallen out of favor because its effects are indiscriminate as well as adverse and unpredictable impacts on the environment. Modern novel techniques such as genetic modification have had trouble gaining traction due to ethics concerns and the potential for unforeseen side effects. One approach that has gained traction and has proven its efficacy is the use of ionizing radiation to affect sterility in insect species in order to scale back their population. Known as Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), it has proven very effective in eradicating certain dipteran insect populations. However, when standard sterilization methods developed for dipertans are applied to mosquito populations significant complications arise, such as an inability to compete with non-irradiated males and high mortality rates. We have investigated the effect of treatment with x-rays of different wavelengths on x-ray sterilized mosquito males. Our results have demonstrated that longer wavelength x-rays have a significant effect on the outcome of the sterile males' longevity as well as an increase on the efficacy of sterilization while employing a substantially lower dose. OVERVIEWWe have investigated the utilization of X-ray radiation to achieve sterilization for use in insect pest management programs. The denials of trans-boundary shipments of radioisotopes due to political instabilities are creating a severe constraint to sterile insect technique (SIT) programs around the world as SIT relies on the use of ionizing radiation from radioisotopes for insect sterilization. In SIT programs a large number of sterilized males are released area-wide. The sterile males compete with wild males for female insects. If a female mates with a sterile male then it will have no offspring. Ultimately, this leads to a reduction of the wild population [1]. The sexual sterility is induced with gamma radiation emitted from radioisotopes such as Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 in almost all SIT programs. The Gammacell 220, a 60 Co irradiator (MDS Nordion International Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada) has been the most commonly used irradiator and has proven extremely reliable for the purpose of sterilizing target insect pests. This technique has been used successfully for suppression, eradication, containment and prevention of many insect pests [2,3]. The use of sterile insects in area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs will continue to expand as constraints are increasing on the use of chemical pesticides in relation to the public's growing demand for a cleaner environment and residue-free food.In 2006, a serious problem arose when the production of the Gammacell 220 irradiator was discontinued. The future availability of these small scale irradiators is in doubt due to growing difficulties associated with the transboundary shipment of radioisotop...

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“…When the time of exposure becomes too long, the irradiation source must be replaced and reload with new pencils of high activity. (Mastrangelo et al, 2010). In addition, the production of the isotopic irradiator most commonly used at SIT facilities, the self-contained Gamma Cell 220 60 Co irradiator (MDS Nordion International Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada) has been discontinued.…”

Section: Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the production of the isotopic irradiator most commonly used at SIT facilities, the self-contained Gamma Cell 220 60 Co irradiator (MDS Nordion International Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada) has been discontinued. Therefore, due to the growing complexities of the transboundary shipment of radioisotopes and the fear of "dirty bombs", there are serious doubts about the future availability of small scale irradiators (Mastrangelo et al, 2010). Two alternatives to gamma radiation are high-energy electrons (with energy < 10 MeV) and X rays (generated from electron beams with energies bellow 7.5 MeV) (US FDA, 2004).…”

Section: Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%