Abstract. Cokeromyces recurvatus, a zygomycete, was isolated by fungal culture from the peritoneal fluid of a cat with jejunal perforation secondary to intestinal lymphosarcoma. This organism has not been recovered previously from a veterinary patient. The tissue form of C. recurvatus is morphologically similar to those of Coccidioides immitis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and may be misdiagnosed as 1 of these organisms on the basis of cytologic or histopathologic specimens, particularly in geographic regions where these organisms are not endemic.
Key words:Coccidioides; Cokeromyces recurvatus; Mycology-general; Zygomycetes.Cokeromyces recurvatus Poitras is a dimorphic zygomycete within the order Mucorales, which has only been isolated in North America, and can be found in soils across much of the United States and Mexico. Dimorphism is dependent on the culture medium, temperature of incubation, and degree of anaerobiosis. 9 It is a large (30-90 m), thick-walled yeast in direct specimen, with morphology similar to the yeast phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. With a cursory examination, the yeast phase also may resemble a spherule of Coccidioides immitis; however, these would either show early evidence of internal cleavage or contain endospores. There are only 8 reported cases of human disease or colonization by this organism in the literature to date, and these have been summarized in a recent review. 8 The organism has been recognized only relatively recently, beginning with Shanor's initial isolation in 1950, 12 and reported human cases span only the past 25 years. The mode of transmission is not known, although in cases with symptomatic disease, previous colonization of the involved site (stomach, genitourinary tract, or colon) usually was suspected.The pathogenic potential of C. recurvatus in humans recently has been debated. 8,9 Of the 8 reported cases, 5 patients had an underlying condition that might increase susceptibility to fungal infection, including pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, and treatment with immunosuppressants. Of the remaining cases, 1 had diverticulitis, 1 had cystitis, and 1 was a healthy individual. Tissue invasion by the organism From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Nielsen), and the Minnesota Veterinary