A new ground impedance measuring element for digital distance relaying of long parallel lines in high fault resistance conditions

Abstract

SUMMARYGround impedance measuring elements (ground elements), which are responsible for removing singlephase-to-ground faults in distance relays, are highly prone to underreach when facing a significant resistance in the fault path. This paper proposes a new ground element with ensured dependability in high fault resistance conditions for the first-zone digital distance relaying of parallel lines. The proposed ground element functions on the basis of the fault distance and fault resistance it estimates, online during the faults, through the equation derived from the voltages and currents of the distributed-parameters line model. Hence, it will be particularly applicable to the parallel lines of long length in which the distributed parameters effect is significant. The proposed element requires only the data acquired at the relaying location. Further, its function is independent of the structural configuration of the system. Unlike conventional ground elements, the proposed element preserves its security in case of irrelevant-circuit as well as external faults. Simulation studies conducted in MATLAB and PSCAD/EMTDC examine the proposed ground element in a variety of influencing situations, and the results reveal that it accurately trips the faults in the first zone with no incidence of underreach in case of high resistance faults. The accuracy of the proposed element is over 99.4% and its tripping time within 0.3-1.3 cycles.

A Dynamic-SUGPDS Model for Faults Detection and Isolation of Underground Power Cable Based on Detection and Isolation Algorithm and Smart Sensors

“…In the last decade, a vast number of research work have been reported on different aspects related to various faults in the area of underground power distribution system likely analysis of faults [25][26][27][28][29][30], adaptive fault [31][32][33], SC, OC and ground faults [34][35][36][37], detection [38,39], classification [40] and fault location [41][42][43][44][45][46], sustainable protection [47,48], noise monitoring [49], and for thermal test [50].…”

Transverse differential protection scheme for double‐circuit lines with single‐pole tripping and reclosing

“…Transverse differential and distance schemes have been dominantly used for protection of double‐circuit lines. Distance schemes require zero‐sequence mutual compensation to correctly measure impedances in the case of ground faults 4 . Transverse differential schemes are faster in operation than conventional distance relays 5 but cannot be implemented unless circuit lines are in parallel 6 .…”

“…Distance schemes require zero-sequence mutual compensation to correctly measure impedances in the case of ground faults. 4 Transverse differential schemes are faster in operation than conventional distance relays 5 but cannot be implemented unless circuit lines are in parallel. 6 The basic principle of transverse differential protection is based on differentiation between internal and external faults by using differential current amplitude and determination of faulted line by using differential current direction.…”

An artificial neural network-based solution to locate the multilocation faults in double circuit series capacitor compensated transmission lines

“…13 The combined S-transform and logistic model tree techniques for fault classification and fault section identification in thyristor controlled series capacitor compensated transmission system have been reported in Moravej et al 14 In Pazoki et al, 15 the authors investigate the impact of a unified power flow controller on zones 1 and 2 (with infeed current) of the conventional distance relay and pilot protection schemes. The probabilistic neural network has been applied to detect and classify the power quality disturbance in Moravej et al 16 Further, the ground impedance element has been modified for protection of transmission line against high resistance fault in Abdollahzadeh et al 17 Support vector machines and hyperbolic S-transform has been used for fault detection, classification, and location estimation in SCCTL. 18 Recently, k-nearest neighbor-based fault detection, classification, and location estimation in SCCTL has been reported by authors.…”