A new Gymnopus species with rhizomorphs and its record as nesting material by birds (Tyrannidae) in the subtropical cloud forest from eastern Mexico

Abstract

A new species of Gymnopus is described on the basis of collections from the subtropical cloud forest of eastern Mexico. Macro- and micromorphological characters, in combination with ITS sequences obtained from fruit body tissues, were used for its taxonomic circumscription. Basidiomata of this species were found growing scattered on fallen twigs of Quercus and also developing abundant long, black, wiry rhizomorphs. The authors discovered that these latter are used as part of nesting material by Myonectesoleaginous (Tyrannidae) inhabiting the subtropical cloud forest studied. A macro- and microscopical description as well as a discussion and illustrations are provided. A new combination in Gymnopus is proposed for Marasmiuswestii, a synonym of Marasmiusbrevipes.

Taxonomy of the major rhizomorphic species of the “Melanopus group” within Polyporaceae in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador

“…Rhizomorphs are versatile structures and the role they have in colonization, survival, pathogenicity, and ecological function in forest ecosystems has been well documented on subterranean temperate fungal species such as the Armillaria species complex [ 37 – 40 ]. However, little is known of the role aerial rhizomorphs have in the tropics or their ecological function in such a diverse forest ecosystem [ 3 , 10 , 12 , 41 , 42 ]. To contribute to this understanding, we identified and described fungi producing rhizomorphs found on the forest floor.…”

Two additional species of Gymnopus (Euagarics, Basidiomycotina)

“…César et al (2018) considered Marasmiusbrevipes and M.westii as taxonomic synonyms and transferred the latter as Gymnopuswestii . Based on our current examination of the type specimen of M.westii (FLAS-F-17211), we reject this synonymy.…”

Multiple evidences reveal new species and a new record of smelly Gymnopus (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae) from China

“…The dried specimens were rehydrated in 94% ethanol for microscopic examination. And then mounted in 3% potassium hydroxide (KOH), 1% Congo red solution (0.1 g Congo red dissolved in 10 mL distilled water), and Melzer's reagent (1.5 g potassium iodide, 0.5 g crystalline iodine, and 22 g chloral hydrate dissolved in 20 mL distilled water) (César et al, 2018 ); they were then examined with a Zeiss Axio lab. A1 microscope at magnifications up to 1,000×.…”