A new species of Gymnopus is described on the basis of collections from the subtropical cloud forest of eastern Mexico. Macro- and micromorphological characters, in combination with ITS sequences obtained from fruit body tissues, were used for its taxonomic circumscription. Basidiomata of this species were found growing scattered on fallen twigs of Quercus and also developing abundant long, black, wiry rhizomorphs. The authors discovered that these latter are used as part of nesting material by Myonectesoleaginous (Tyrannidae) inhabiting the subtropical cloud forest studied. A macro- and microscopical description as well as a discussion and illustrations are provided. A new combination in Gymnopus is proposed for Marasmiuswestii, a synonym of Marasmiusbrevipes.
Antecedentes y Objetivos: La especie registrada en México (estado de Veracruz) en la década de 1980 como “Tricholoma magnivelare” (bajo su sinónimo, T. ponderosum) de ser un hongo no utilizado como comestible en el país, pasó a ser objeto de comercialización internacional, cuando vendedores asiáticos conocieron su presencia en México y su relación con el grupo de T. matsutake. Los especímenes en los que se basaron registros previos en el país (identificados con el mismo nombre), fueron estudiados solo morfológicamente. Con base en información morfológica y molecular (ITS), recientemente se describieron a T. mesoamericanum del estado de Oaxaca (sur de Mexico) (tipo), y a T. colposii del estado de Veracruz, ambas relacionadas al grupo de especies alrededor de T. matsutake. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar, con base en caracteres morfológicos y secuencias de (ITS) obtenidas a partir de muestras frescas, la identidad taxonómica de especímenes con similitudes con ambas especies.
Métodos: Durante 2009 y 2018 se recolectaron especímenes en dos bosques de Pinus en los estados de Puebla y Veracruz (este de México). Se estudiaron fructificaciones adquiridas en un mercado popular en Xalapa, Veracruz. Se registraron las características morfo-anatómicas y organolépticas de las muestras. Se efectuó la extracción del ADN, PCR, secuenciación de la región del espaciador transcrito interno (ITS) del ADN ribosomal, y un análisis filogenético.Resultados clave: Estudios moleculares y morfológicos aquí presentados revelan que poblaciones mexicanas de “T. magnivelare” recolectadas en los estados de Veracruz y Puebla se identifican con T. mesoamericanum y el tipo de T. colposii, en un clado independiente de T. magnivelare s. str. de EUA.Conclusiones: El material estudiado se identifica con T. mesoamericanum, consistente con estudios previos que muestran que los hongos del grupo “matsutake” en el país están representados por T. mesoamericanum y, como se demuestra aquí, con T. colposii como un sinónimo.
Considering the current environmental problems that has been generated by the excessive production of synthetic plastics, more sustainable alternatives have been proposed. One of these recently studied materials are the mycelium composites, a product obtained with lignocellulosic particles agglomerated together by the myceliar growth of a filamentous fungus. This novel type of materials could represent an option to replace non-biodegradable materials. In this work, mycelium composites with characteristics comparable to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and potentially suitable for fabrication of insulation panels were developed using a Lentinus crinitus strain previously selected after mycelial phases tests. Mechanical variables in bending, compression strength and stiffness were measured following ASTM D143 standard. Two protocols for composite fabrication were followed using different compression loads. Flexural strength reached 0.48 MPa and compression strength 0.235 MPa. Results obtained were compared with data of balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale) for the similarity of possible applications, expanded polystyrene as its possible substitute and early published data on mycelium composites. Mechanical performance in flexural and compressive strength of the obtained materials revealed their potential use as biodegradable alternatives to some applications of synthetic plastics as insulation panels and packing materials.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.