With the emergence of the remanufacturing industry, scheduling problems related to remanufacturing systems have drawn considerable interest from scholars. There are usually two execution modes of remanufacturing for reprocessing components, i.e., replacement mode and repair mode. However, few studies have focused on the job shop scheduling problem that considers the trade-off between the two execution modes. Thus, a new job shop scheduling method with job families (JSS-JF) is proposed. It decomposes the scheduling problem into three sub-problems: (1) execution mode selection; (2) replacement job assignment and sequencing; and (3) repair machine assignment and operation sequencing. To solve the proposed JSS-JF model, an extended artificial bee colony algorithm with a new three-dimensional encoding scheme is presented to find a near-optimal solution of the proposed JSS-JF model. The crossover and mutation operators, local search, and elite replacement strategy are also integrated in the proposed algorithm. The experiments are conducted for verifying the practicality and effectiveness of the presented algorithm by comparing with six baseline algorithms.INDEX TERMS Job shop scheduling, job families, remanufacturing, execution mode, extended artificial bee colony algorithm.