A new<i>in vitro</i>method for testing plant metabolism in mutagenicity studies

Benigni, Romualdo; Bignami, Margherita; Camoni, I; Carere, A.; Conti, Giuseppe; Lachetta, R.; Morpurgo, G.; Ortali, V.

doi:10.1080/15287397909529791

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This positive response does not follow a direct doseresponse relationship and corroborates the fact that the herbicide is metabolized through P450 enzyme in vivo and in vitro in mammals by N-monodealkylation and isopropylhydroxilation (Adams et al 1990, Lang et al 1996, Hanioka et al 1999. In plants it has been shown that the triazine herbicide atrazine interferes with cell division producing chromosomal abnormalities (Liang and Liang 1972) and mutagenic and recombinogenic activity in Aspergillus nidulans (Benigni et al 1979, Kappas 1988. In Tradescantia 4430 clone stamen hair mutation the triazine herbicides triazene and simazine induced pink mutation events (Patussi and Bϋndchen 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

HERBICIDE GENOTOXICITY REVEALED WITH THE SOMATIC WING SPOT ASSAY OF Drosophila melanogaster

Sortibrán

Flores-Loyola

Martínez-Martínez

et al. 2019

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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The genotoxicity of the herbicides clomazone, linuron and simazine was detected using the somatic wing spot assay of Drosophila melanogaster. For the evaluation of the mutagenic and recombinogenic activities induced by the herbicides two crosses were used: the standard cross (ST) which expresses basal levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the high bioactivation cross (HB) with overexpression of P450 genes conferring increased sensitivity to promutagens and procarcinogens. Third-instar larvae were exposed by chronic feeding (48 h) to three different concentrations of each herbicide. The frequencies of spots per individual in the treated series were compared to the negative concurrent control series (water or 5 % ethanol solution depending on the herbicide). Clomazone showed positive results for small and total spots in both the ST and the HB crosses. Linuron was positive at all concentrations tested for small and total spots in the ST cross while only positive for small and total spots at the highest concentration assayed in the HB cross. Simazine did not produce positive results in the ST cross while it was positive in the HB cross. The bifunctional cross-linking agent mitomycin C (MMC-0.15 mM) was used as positive control and produced as expected a significant increase of all types of spots in both crosses. In conclusion, the positive results were due to induced mutations and not by recombinogenic activity, furthermore the significant increase in the frequency of total spots was mainly due to the induction of small single spots. Palabras clave: clomazón, linurón, simacina, ensayo de mutación y recombinación somática RESUMEN La genotoxicidad de los herbicidas clomazón, linurón y simacina se detectó empleando el ensayo somático en alas de Drosophila melanogaster. Para la evaluación de la actividad mutagénica y recombinogénica inducida por los herbicidas se emplearon dos cruzas: la cruza estándar (ST) que expresa niveles basales de enzimas citocromo P450 y

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

HERBICIDE GENOTOXICITY REVEALED WITH THE SOMATIC WING SPOT ASSAY OF Drosophila melanogaster

Sortibrán

Flores-Loyola

Martínez-Martínez

et al. 2019

Rev. Int. Contam. Ambie.

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“…Preliminary results suggest that S-9 tissue preparations from rat liver did not activate maleic hydrazide into a mutagen whereas SI preparations from maize tissues activated this agent. However, Benigni et al (5) found that maleic hydrazide was not activated by N. alat~ell cultures. Recently SI preparations from wheat (Trit~aestivum) were found to activate pentac (pentachloro[2,4 cyclopentradiene]-yl) into a form weakly mUtagenic to S. typhimurium (Gentile, unpublished data).…”

Section: In Vitro Plant Activationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanindene) were the only insecticides plant activated in the in vivo protocol.…”

Section: In Vivo Plant Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Dependent Mutation Assays

Gentile

Plewa

1982

Genetic Toxicology

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“…Our approach has been to incorporate cell-free extracts from various plant sources into the Salmonella assay plates. Similar attempts by others to evaluate plant metabolism have been relatively limited (Menn, 1978); Nicotiana cell cultures have been suggested as an activation system (Benigni et al, 1979), and corn (Plewa and Gentile, 1976;Gentile et al, 1977) or barley (Owais et a l . , 1978) seeds germinated in the presence of the test compound have been used to evaluate the mutagenicity of several pesticides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Significance of Plant Metabolism in the Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Pesticides

Wildeman¹,

Nazar²

1982

Can. J. Genet. Cytol.

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In an attempt to gain an overall estimate for the influence of plant metabolism on environmental mutagenesis, the mutagenicity of an assortment of agricultural pesticide preparations in the Salmonella bio-assay was evaluated using both rat liver S9 and plant enzyme homogenates as activating systems. The study indicates that plant metabolism can alter the results of this short-term mutagenicity test: some compounds which are non mutagenic in the Salmonella bio-assay (e.g. diquat) give positive responses, some preparations such as captan become more or less mutagenic, and some, such as triallate, become significantly more toxic to the tester strains. Furthermore, dose response curves suggest that even when both plant homogenates and rat liver S9 supernatant activate a compound, the mutagens which are formed may differ. Five-day old alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L. var. Golden Jubilee), bean (Vicia faba L), pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Laxton's Progress), sunflower (Helianthus annuus var. Krasnodarets), tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum L. var. Wisconsin 58), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were tested and compared as activating systems; these were prepared by an assortment of cell disruption techniques including blending, homogenizing, sonication, and high pressure disruption methods. For routine testing, filter sterilized, blended, S14 supernatants of corn or wheat were the most promising. No correlation was observed between levels of activation by the various plant species and their protein contents, catalase, or peroxidase activities. The preparations, however, could be standardized using specific chemical compounds in the bio-assay.

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A newin vitromethod for testing plant metabolism in mutagenicity studies

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

HERBICIDE GENOTOXICITY REVEALED WITH THE SOMATIC WING SPOT ASSAY OF Drosophila melanogaster

HERBICIDE GENOTOXICITY REVEALED WITH THE SOMATIC WING SPOT ASSAY OF Drosophila melanogaster

Plant Dependent Mutation Assays

Significance of Plant Metabolism in the Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Pesticides

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