A new method for the simultaneous determination of cyanotoxins (Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin) in mussels using SPE-UPLC-MS/MS

Jiménez, Leticia Díez-Quijada; Guzmán-Guillén, Remedios; Cătunescu, Giorgiana M.; Campos, Alexandre; Vasconcelos, Vítor; Jos, Ángeles; Cameán, Ana M.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109284

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…On the basis of the current work, assessment of cyanotoxins in foods from developing countries still requires more investigation. This may include development and validation of more analytical methods for the simultaneous quantitation of multiple categories of cyanotoxins and their variants in different food matrices from developing countries [99,[108][109][110][111][112]. Furthermore, more survey studies are needed to explore the occurrence of cyanotoxins in different types of seafood and edible plants, especially from the countries that have no data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although validated analytical methods for the quantitative detection of cyanotoxins in different food matrices exist, many published papers focused on MCs [103][104][105][106][107]. Few studies considered the simultaneous detection of few MCs variants with other cyanotoxins such as: MCs and NODs in fish and algal supplement [99,108,109]; MCs and CYN in lettuce [110] and mussels [111]; and MCs, NODs, ANTX, CYN, and SXTs in fish tissue [112]. Like other natural toxins such as mycotoxins, some cyanotoxins as MCs can be found either in a free or bound form.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cyanotoxins In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Abdallah

Hassel

Andjelković

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Cyanotoxins have gained global public interest due to their potential to bioaccumulate in food, which threatens human health. Bloom formation is usually enhanced under Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical climates which are the dominant climate types in developing countries. In this context, we present an up-to-date overview of cyanotoxins (types, toxic effects, analysis, occurrence, and mitigation) with a special focus on their contamination in (sea)food from all the developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as this has received less attention. A total of 65 publications have been found (from 2000 until October 2021) reporting the contamination by one or more cyanotoxins in seafood and edible plants (five papers). Only Brazil and China conducted more research on cyanotoxin contamination in food in comparison to other countries. The majority of research focused on the detection of microcystins using different analytical methods. The detected levels mostly surpassed the provisional tolerable daily intake limit set by the World Health Organization, indicating a real risk to the exposed population. Assessment of cyanotoxin contamination in foods from developing countries still requires further investigations by conducting more survey studies, especially the simultaneous detection of multiple categories of cyanotoxins in food.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Cyanotoxins In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Abdallah

Hassel

Andjelković

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…The resulting LOQs, ranging from 7•10 -3 to 0.1 µg•L -1 , were significantly lower than the guideline value proposed by WHO for MC-LR in drinking water. In addition, LOQs were lower than those obtained previously with other dual SPE systems prior to the application of LC-MS/MS for the quantification of cyanotoxins [15,22,47,48]. This method was satisfactorily applied to reservoir water samples from different locations, suggesting its possible application in the monitoring of the presence of target analytes in these matrices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Consequently, achieving a multiclass target analysis is a challenge. In this sense, the use of a dual cartridge assembly of above-mentioned cartridges has been previously investigated for the extraction of cyanotoxins from different families in environmental and food matrices [15,21,22,47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiclass cyanotoxin analysis in reservoir waters: Tandem solid-phase extraction followed by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Aparicio-Muriana

Carmona-Molero

Lara

et al. 2022

Talanta

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The presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in all water bodies, including ocean water and fresh water sources, represents a risk for human health as eutrophication and climate change are enhancing their level of proliferation. For risk assessment and studies on occurrence, the development of reliable and sensitive analytical approaches able to cover a wide range of cyanotoxins is essential. This work describes the development of an HILIC-MS/MS multiclass method for the simultaneous analysis of eight cyanotoxins in reservoir water samples belonging to three different classes according to their chemical structure: cyclic peptides (microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR and nodularin), alkaloids (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a) and three non-protein amino acids isomers such as β-methylamino-L-alanine, 2,4diaminobutyric acid and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine). A SeQuant ZIC-HILIC column was employed to achieve the chromatographic separation in less than 12 min. Previously, a novel sample treatment based on a tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) system using mixed cation exchange (MCX) and Strata-X cartridges was investigated with the aim of extracting and preconcentrating this chemically diverse group of cyanotoxins. The Strata-X cartridge, which was configured first in the line of sample flow, retained the low polar compounds and the MCX cartridge, which was at the bottom of the dual system, retained mainly the non-protein amino acids. The optimization procedure highlighted the importance of sample ion content for the recoveries of some analytes such as the isomers β-Nmethylamino-L-alanine and 2-4diaminobutyric acid. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recoveries, matrix effect and precision in terms of repeatability and intermediate precision. This work represents the first analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of these multiclass cyanotoxins in reservoir water samples, achieving LOQs in the very low range of 7•10 -3 -0.1 µg•L -1 . Despite high recoveries obtained at the LOQ concentration levels (101.0-70.9%), relative standard deviations lower than 17.5% were achieved.

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“…The analysis of cyanotoxins has typically focused on only one class of toxin in a single sample, and while several publications exist for multiclass cyanotoxin analysis of various sample matrices, there have been few studies outlining methods that include the simultaneous screening and quantification of both MCs and BMAA within a single biological sample—more specifically, algal samples [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. It is important to employ multiclass cyanotoxin analyses to fully understand the toxic load of cyanobacterial blooms and to minimise the risk of human and animal exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of Cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and Microcystins-RR, -LR, and -YR Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Pravadali-Cekic,

Vojvodic,

Violi

et al. 2023

Molecules

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β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its isomers, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine (AEG), along with microcystins (MCs)-RR, -LR, and -YR (the major MC congeners), are cyanotoxins that can cause detrimental health and environmental impacts during toxic blooms. Currently, there are no reverse-phase (RP) LC-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous detection and quantification of BMAA, its isomers, and the major MCs in a single analysis; therefore, multiple analyses are required to assess the toxic load of a sample. Here, we present a newly developed and validated method for the detection and quantification of BMAA, 2,4-DAB, AEG, MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR using RP LC-MS/MS. Method validation was performed, assessing linearity (r2 > 0.996), accuracy (>90% recovery for spiked samples), precision (7% relative standard deviation), and limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) (ranging from 0.13 to 1.38 ng mL−1). The application of this combined cyanotoxin analysis on a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa resulted in the simultaneous detection of 2,4-DAB (0.249 ng mg−1 dry weight (DW)) and MC-YR (4828 ng mg−1 DW). This study provides a unified method for the quantitative analysis of BMAA, its isomers, and three MC congeners in natural environmental samples.

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A new method for the simultaneous determination of cyanotoxins (Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin) in mussels using SPE-UPLC-MS/MS

Cited by 19 publications

References 74 publications

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Cyanotoxins and Food Contamination in Developing Countries: Review of Their Types, Toxicity, Analysis, Occurrence and Mitigation Strategies

Multiclass cyanotoxin analysis in reservoir waters: Tandem solid-phase extraction followed by zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Simultaneous Analysis of Cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and Microcystins-RR, -LR, and -YR Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

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