A New Methodology to Determine the Mechanical Properties of Ligaments at High Strain Rates

Peterson, Robert; Woo, Sanghyun

doi:10.1115/1.3138631

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Crowninshield and Pope [3] also found a greater proportion of mid-substance failures at high strain rates (190 s -1 ) when compared to low strain rates (quasi-static). Peterson et al [7], observed that the percentage of failure via tibial avulsion increases as the applied strain rate increases. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions

Peck

Billiar²,

Ray³

2010

TOBEJ

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The goal of this study was to model the dynamic failure properties of ligaments and their attachment sites to facilitate the development of more realistic dynamic finite element models of the human lower extremities for use in automotive collision simulations. Porcine medial collateral ligaments were chosen as a test model due to their similarities in size and geometry with human ligaments. Each porcine medial collateral ligament-bone complex (n = 12) was held in a custom test fixture placed in a drop tower to apply an axial impulsive impact load, applying strain rates ranging from 0.005 s-1 to 145 s-1. The data from the impact tests were analyzed using nonlinear regression to construct model equations for predicting the failure load of ligament-bone complexes subjected to specific strain rates as calculated from finite element knee, thigh, and hip impact simulations. The majority of the ligaments tested failed by tibial avulsion (75%) while the remaining ligaments failed via mid-substance tearing. The failure load ranged from 384 N to 1184 N and was found to increase with the applied strain rate and the product of ligament length and cross-sectional area. The findings of this study indicate the force required to rupture the porcine MCL increases with the applied bone-to-bone strain rate in the range expected from high speed frontal automotive collisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions

Peck

Billiar²,

Ray³

2010

TOBEJ

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“…The parameters describing the mechanical properties of the ligament substance include tangent modulus, ultimate tensile strength, ultimate strain, and strain energy density. A large number of experimental methods have been employed by investigators to overcome some of the technical difficulties encountered in measuring the mechanical properties of ligaments (Beynnon et al, 1992;Ellis, 1969;Lam et al, 1992;Lee and Woo, 1988;Peterson et al, 1987;Peterson and Woo, 1986;Smutz et al, 1996). Furthermore, environmental factors can also cause large differences in the experimental data obtained (Crowninshield and Pope, 1976;Figgie et al, 1986;Haut, 1983;Haut and Powlison, 1990;Noyes et al, 1974).…”

Section: Tensile Properties Of Ligamentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biomechanics of knee ligaments: injury, healing, and repair

Woo

Abramowitch

Kilger

et al. 2006

Journal of Biomechanics

343

223

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“…The realization that such soft-tissues exhibit rate-sensitive behavior, coupled with concernsoverinjuriesarisingfromcommonactivitiesthat involve rapid motion, has motivated attempts to investigate their dynamic responses. Quasi-dynamic tests have been performed using universal hydraulic testing machines [1][2][3][4], which are able to impose strain rates of up to about 10/s. However, in situations of high speed trauma such as impacts and collisions, ligaments are subjected to much higher rates of stretching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technique for Dynamic Tensile Testing of Human Cervical Spine Ligaments

2006

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An experimental study is undertaken to examine the dynamic stress-strain characteristics of ligaments from the human cervical spine (neck). Tests were conducted using a tensile split Hopkinson bar device and the engineering strain rates imposed were of the order of 10 2 õ10 3 /s. As ligaments are extremely soft and pliable, specialized test protocols applicable to Hopkinson bar testing were developed to facilitate acquisition of reliable and accurate data. Seven primary ligaments types from the cervical spines of three male cadavers were subjected to mechanical tests. These yielded dynamic stress-strain curves which could be approximated by empirical equations. The dynamic failure stress/load, failure stain/deformation, modulus/ stiffness, as well as energy absorption capacity, were obtained for the various ligaments and classified according to their location, the strain rate imposed and the cadaveric source. Compared with static responses, the overall average dynamic stress-strain behavior for each type of ligament exhibited an elevation in strength but reduced elongation.

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A New Methodology to Determine the Mechanical Properties of Ligaments at High Strain Rates

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions

Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions

Biomechanics of knee ligaments: injury, healing, and repair

A Technique for Dynamic Tensile Testing of Human Cervical Spine Ligaments

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