A New Model for Simulating TSS Washoff in Urban Areas

Abstract

This paper presents the formulation and validation of the conceptual Runoff Quality Simulation Model (RQSM) that was developed to simulate the erosion and transport of solid particles in urban areas. The RQSM assumes that solid particle accumulation on pervious and impervious areas is infinite. The RQSM simulates soil erosion using rainfall kinetic energy and solid particle transport with linear system theory. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the RQSM to show the influence of each parameter on the simulated load. Total suspended solid (TSS) loads monitored at the outlet of the borough of Verdun in Canada and at three catchment outlets of the City of Champaign in the United States were used to validate the RQSM. TSS loads simulated by the RQSM were compared to measured loads and to loads simulated by the Rating Curve model and the Exponential model of the SWMM software. The simulation performance of the RQSM was comparable to the Exponential and Rating Curve models.

Performance assessment of a commonly used “accumulation and wash-off” model from long-term continuous road runoff turbidity measurements

“…figure 5). This performance increase is in agreement with literature results which generally show that traditional water quality models produce more accurate estimates of loads than concentrations (Crobeddu and Bennis, 2011;Dotto et al, 2011;Shaw et al, 2010).…”

“…While such models have been shown to perform relatively well (Crobeddu and Bennis, 2011;Piro and Carbone, 2010;Wang et al, 2011), investigation of the temporal variability of concentrations in runoff has, however, for a long time been restricted by experimental constraints related to sampling methods and thus relied on relatively scarce observations, with limited number of rain-events and very partial information on pollutant wash-off dynamics (Métadier and Bertrand-Krajewski, 2012). As a consequence, these models have generally not been verified against long-term continuous water quality measurements and several recent findings suggest that their ability to simulate temporal variability of pollutant concentrations in runoff might have been overestimated (Dotto et al, 2011;Freni et al, 2009;Kanso et al, 2005;Shaw et al, 2010).…”

Insecticide Washoff from Concrete Surfaces: Characterization and Prediction

“…With m close to 0, the profile suggests rapid initial washoff followed by a more steady state, or “type A” profile as described in our previous study, while large m values indicate “type B” profile with relative steady washoff rate over the duration of the experiment. The power-law function has been widely used in environmental modeling for pollutant washoff from hard surfaces. ,,, Demonstrated in Figure are washoff profiles for β-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate, which were selected as representative chemicals with “type A” and “type B” profiles, respectively.…”

“…The power-law function has been widely used in environmental modeling for pollutant washoff from hard surfaces. 30,33,36,37 Demonstrated in Figure 3 are washoff profiles for β-cyfluthrin and esfenvalerate, which were selected as representative chemicals with "type A" and "type B" profiles, respectively.…”

Review of Modeling Approaches for Pesticide Washoff from Impervious Surfaces

“…(6) for the prediction of pollutant washoff by runoff depth, Eq. (6) has been widely used in the urban pollutant runoff models such as SWMM and more recent modeling studies (31,32). Similar functions have also been successfully used to predict in-stream pollutant loadings, including pesticides at watershed scale (33,34).…”