“…They comprise a group of phytopathogenic species that damage a wide range of wild and cultivated plants through direct feeding on root cells and transmission of several plant pathogenic viruses (Taylor & Brown 1997;Decraemer & Robbins 2007;Decraemer & Chaves 2012). Longidorus, Paralongidorus and Xiphinema are the three largest of the virus vector nematode genera with about 160, 70 and 260 known species, respectively (Decraemer & Chaves 2012;Archidona-Yuste et al 2016a, b;Esmaeili et al 2016), but only some species (8, 1 and 9, respectively) have been shown to transmit nepoviruses (Taylor & Brown 1997;Decraemer & Robbins 2007;Decraemer & Chaves 2012). To date only five known virus vector nematodes species from Longidoridae have been reported to be implicated in plant virus transmission in Portugal: Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950, X. diversicaudatum (Mico1etzky, 1927 Thorne, 1939, X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969, Longidorus macrosoma Hooper, 1961, and Paralongidorus maximus (Bütschli, 1874 Siddiqi, 1964(Bravo & Lemos 1997Taylor & Brown 1997) (Table S1).…”