A New Path to Address Multimorbidity? Longitudinal Analyses of Retirement Sequences and Chronic Diseases in Old Age

Calvo, Esteban; Azar, Ariel; Shura, Robin; Staudinger, Ursula M.

doi:10.1177/07334648211031038

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, the time of retirement seems to be also important. The prevalence of multimorbidity may be lower in people who retired late from full-time work compared to those who retired earlier (Calvo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job Demands May Determine Cognitive and Physical Aging After Retirement

et al. 2022

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During adulthood, we spend most of our time and efforts at work. However, the impact of employment in aging is poorly explored. Our study addressed how job demands can affect aging after retirement. We have developed a descriptive observational study carried out in 367 older adults with a mean age of 73.9 years (66.5% women and 33.5% men), measuring cognition and functional status. Our results demonstrate that older adults who had high mental demands in their jobs, show better scores in cognition. However, they show poor functional development of basic and instrumental activities of daily life (p< .05). In contrast, former workers who had high physical demands, display lower scores in cognition and lower functional performance in instrumental activities (p< .05). Work life activities contribute to cognitive and physical decline after retirement. Therefore, healthy aging should include interventions that consider the job influence on the age impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic diseases and multimorbidity are increasing health challenges for aging population (Calvo et al, 2022). Managerial positions and the exhaustion in the emergency teams affect mental and physical health, with an increase of some chronic pathologies (Salvagioni et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Demands May Determine Cognitive and Physical Aging After Retirement

et al. 2022

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“…The majority of articles were conducted among adults and only three study included children 53–55. More than half (n=38/64) were cross-sectional and 26/64 used longitudinal data9 10 42 54 56–76 (table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical explanations for socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidity: a scoping review

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo document socioepidemiological theories used to explain the relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and multimorbidity.DesignScoping review.MethodsA search strategy was developed and then applied to multiple electronic databases including Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Scielo, Applied Social Sciences, ERIC, Humanities Index and Sociological Abstracts. After the selection of studies, data were extracted using a data charting plan. The last search was performed on the 28 September 2021. Extracted data included: study design, country, population subgroups, measures of socioeconomic inequality, assessment of multimorbidity and conclusion on the association between socioeconomic variables and multimorbidity. Included studies were further assessed on their use of theory, type of theories used and context of application. Finally, we conducted a meta-narrative synthesis to summarise the results.ResultsA total of 64 studies were included in the review. Of these, 33 papers included theories as explanations for the association between socioeconomic position and multimorbidity. Within this group, 16 explicitly stated those theories and five tested at least one theory. Behavioural theories (health behaviours) were the most frequently used, followed by materialist (access to health resources) and psychosocial (stress pathways) theories. Most studies used theories as post hoc explanations for their findings or for study rationale. Supportive evidence was found for the role of material, behavioural and life course theories in explaining the relationship between social inequalities and multimorbidity.ConclusionGiven the widely reported social inequalities in multimorbidity and its increasing public health burden, there is a critical gap in evidence on pathways from socioeconomic disadvantage to multimorbidity. Generating evidence of these pathways will guide the development of intervention and public policies to prevent multimorbidity among people living in social disadvantage. Material, behavioural and life course pathways can be targeted to reduce the negative effect of low socioeconomic position on multimorbidity.

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“…To better protect and promote older workers’ wellbeing and functional ability in the last years of their careers, stakeholders—including policy makers, employers, and researchers—need to better understand the effects of CHCs on workers in their pre-retirement years. It is well established that aging is associated with an increase in the likelihood of being diagnosed with CHCs (Calvo, Azar, & Shura, 2021; McMahan & Sturz, 2006) and many older workers are diagnosed with a CHC in the years before their retirement (Eurostat, 2021). Till date, not much is known about the effects of these newly diagnosed CHCs on older workers in their pre-retirement years.…”

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confidence: 99%

How Do Newly Diagnosed Chronic Health Conditions Affect Older Workers’ Vitality and Worries About Functional Ability?

2022

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With increasing retirement ages, older workers are working longer while being newly diagnosed with chronic health conditions (CHCs). Our knowledge on how newly diagnosed CHCs influence older workers’ vitality and worries is limited. We examine how four newly diagnosed CHCs affect older workers’ vitality and worries about physical and mental functional ability. We used data from a Dutch pension panel survey. A sample of 1,894 older workers (60–62 years) was analyzed using conditional change OLS regression models. Having CHCs decreased vitality and increased worries. This effect was worse for older workers newly diagnosed with CHCs. Being newly diagnosed with physically disabling conditions increased worries about physical functioning, while being newly diagnosed with mentally disabling conditions increased worries about mental functioning. These findings aid the identification of vulnerable groups of older workers, thereby informing interventions that could improve quality of life, while promoting healthy aging at work.

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A New Path to Address Multimorbidity? Longitudinal Analyses of Retirement Sequences and Chronic Diseases in Old Age

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Job Demands May Determine Cognitive and Physical Aging After Retirement

Job Demands May Determine Cognitive and Physical Aging After Retirement

Theoretical explanations for socioeconomic inequalities in multimorbidity: a scoping review

How Do Newly Diagnosed Chronic Health Conditions Affect Older Workers’ Vitality and Worries About Functional Ability?

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