A new procedure to perform differential underground gravity measurements

A gravitational eye: a method for extracting maximum information from gravitational potentials

“…We now mimic the resolution analysis of the single-gravimeter gravitational eye for the gradiometer in figure 7(B). We use the same representation of an impulse in the space of radial derivatives of the potential on the Brillouin sphere as in (12). Analytically continuing inwards to the data sphere and bandlimiting to a band-limit L yields a recorded point-spread function on the inner sphere, analogous to (13), of…”

“…While for most of these the survey is performed above the ground (either airborne or on the surface), some surveys are performed underground or within built structures. This includes applications such as mining [9], mine-shaft inspection [10], coalmine safety [11], tunnel wall inspection [12] and within boreholes for monitoring carbon capture and storage sites [13,14]. In this paper we consider a new sensing approach which could provide more information than traditional approaches, particularly in restricted environments such as underground, where the gravitating objects of interest could lie in any direction, including above the instrument.…”

Archaeological microgravimetric prospection inside don church (Valencia, Spain)

“…Likewise, bibliographic references regarding the application of the microgravimetric technique in archaeological prospection are numerous; for example, microgravimetric and gravity gradient techniques are applied in Butler (1984) for the detection of subsurface cavities and tunnels; Friedrich et al (1996) used microgravimetry to detect hidden cavities and cisterns in the Hagia Sophia"s subsurface structure, confirming the accuracy and efficiency of this technique to investigate subsurface structures of historical buildings; Ranieri and Sambuelli (1996) evaluated the use of microgravity measurements to characterise density anomalies in surrounding tunnels; Yule et al (1998) conducted a microgravimetric investigation to detect subsurface cavities or other anomalous conditions that could threaten the stability of switchyard structures; Beres et al (2001), Styles et al (2005) and Leucci and De Giorgi (2010) used microgravimetric surveys to map subsurface karstic features; Ebrahimzadeh (2004) used microgravity measurements to detect subsurface cavities or other anomalous conditions that threaten the stability of the foundation in the technical University of Tehran; Rodríguez et al (2007) conducted a microgravimetric study in the Vall de Crist Carthusian Monestery (Castellón, Spain) to detect and map a shallow subsurface rainwater cistern, proving that the microgravimetric technique is an efficient tool for cultural heritage restoration studies ; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 and finally, the microgravimetric technique has proven useful in urban are...…”