No abstract

Precise point positioning (PPP) involves observations from a single global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver and benefits 4 of satellite orbit and clock products obtained from the global infrastructure of permanent stations. PPP avoids the expense and logistic diffi-5 culties of deploying a network of GNSS receivers around survey areas in isolated places, such as the arctic or less populated areas. Potential 6 accuracies are at the centimeter level for static applications and at the subdecimeter level for kinematic applications. Static and kinematic PPP 7 based on the processing of global positioning system (GPS) observations is limited by the number of visible satellites, which is often insufficient 8 for urban or mountain applications, or it can be partially obstructed or present multipath effects. Even if a number of GPS satellites are available, 9 the accuracy and reliability can still be affected by poor satellite geometry. One possible way of increasing satellite signal availability and po-10 sitioning reliability is to integrate GPS and global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) observations. This case study deals with the pos-

ElsevierMartín Furones, ÁE.; Anquela Julián, AB.; Dimas Pagés, A.; Cos-Gayón López, FJ. (2015

No abstract

The precise point positioning (PPP) is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) computation technique that performs precise positioning using a single receiver. This is the main advantage over the traditional differential positioning for geodesy and geomatics which requires, at least, two receivers to get a precise position or a single receiver connected to a network of reference stations. The main goal of this work was to study the real-time PPP technique for deformation and landslides monitoring. A custom designed device was used for the simulation of landslides, and several test campaigns were performed at field. A control unit was designed based on open-source software and Python libraries implemented in this research. The conclusion of the study shows that realtime PPP allows solutions for deformation monitoring with mean offsets of 2 cm in north, east and up components, and standard deviations of 2 cm. It demonstrates the reliability of real-time PPP monitoring systems to detect deformations up to 5 cm of magnitude when the double constellation (GPSCGLONASS) was used. Finally, an improvement in the results with the recovery of fixed ambiguities in the PPP algorithms is outlined.