GPS and GLONASS Static and Kinematic PPP Results

Abstract

Precise point positioning (PPP) involves observations from a single global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver and benefits 4 of satellite orbit and clock products obtained from the global infrastructure of permanent stations. PPP avoids the expense and logistic diffi-5 culties of deploying a network of GNSS receivers around survey areas in isolated places, such as the arctic or less populated areas. Potential 6 accuracies are at the centimeter level for static applications and at the subdecimeter level for kinematic applications. Static and kinematic PPP 7 based on the processing of global positioning system (GPS) observations is limited by the number of visible satellites, which is often insufficient 8 for urban or mountain applications, or it can be partially obstructed or present multipath effects. Even if a number of GPS satellites are available, 9 the accuracy and reliability can still be affected by poor satellite geometry. One possible way of increasing satellite signal availability and po-10 sitioning reliability is to integrate GPS and global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) observations. This case study deals with the pos-

Investigating multi-GNSS performance in the UK and China based on a zero-baseline measurement approach

“…In the case of poor availability of GPS satellite due to signal obstruction or weak geometry, a possible solution, among others (use supplementary sensors e.g. accelerometers [2,3], Robotic Total Station [4,5], Locata [6,7], UWB [8]), is the combination of GPS and other GNSS constellation [9][10][11]. The combination of two or more satellite systems offers more visible satellites to users, and that will enhance the satellite geometry with the expectation of improving the overall positioning solution [12,13].…”

A comparative study for accuracy assessment of PPP technique using GPS and GLONASS in urban areas

“…From 1990's to the present, many researchers have focused on the theory and application of the PPP technique (Zumberge et al 1997;Kouba and Héroux, 2001;Gao and Shen, 2002;Kouba, 2003;Choy et al 2007;Geng et al 2010;Martín et al 2011;van Bree and Tiberius, 2012;Alkan and Öcalan, 2013;Anquela et al 2013). …”

“…Although the PPP technique was initially applied to GPS observations, the availability of the precise products provided an opportunity to use the PPP for the combination of GPS and GLONASS observations. In the last decade, the PPP with combination of GPS and GLONASS has attracted the attention of many researchers for both static and kinematic applications (Cai and Gao, 2007;Azab et al 2011;Alcay et al 2012;Angrisano et al 2013;Anquela et al 2013;Cai and Gao, 2013;Chen et al 2013;Choy et al 2013;Tu et al 2013;Afifi and El-Rabbany, 2014;Dawidowicz and Krzan, 2014).…”

Comprehensive assessment of positioning and zenith delay retrieval using GPS+Glonass precise point positioning

“…In the GNSS based troposphere modeling, the zenith wet delay w Z Moreover, the number of globally distributed stations with GLONASS tracking capability is increasing (See Figure 2 in Fritsche et al (2014)). Thus, increasing studies started to explore the performance of GLONASS-only precise positioning (Cai and Gao, 2013;Anquela et al, 2013;Lou et al, 2015). The results of Cai and Gao (2013) based on 15 high-latitude International GNSS Service (IGS) stations indicated that the GLONASS-only PPP can reach an comparable accuracy to GPS-only PPP.…”