A new route for the preparation of mesoporous carbon materials with high performance in lithium–sulphur battery cathodes

Oschatz, Martin; Thieme, Sören; Borchardt, Lars; Lohe, Martin R.; Biemelt, Tim; Brückner, Jan; Althues, Holger; Kaskel, Stefan

doi:10.1039/c3cc42841a

Cited by 99 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The application of carbon materials is enormously widespread, ranging from catalysis [1], sorption, and separation [2,3], to energy storage in batteries [4], supercapacitors [5], and fuel cells [6]. The requirements carbons have to meet are strongly dependent on their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Functionalization of Carbon Black at Room Temperature

Leistenschneider

Zürbes

Schneidermann

et al. 2018

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Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon blacks are intrinsically hydrophobic with limited wettability in aqueous media, thus restricting their potential applications. To improve their hydrophilicity, common methods tend to utilize harmful chemicals and conditions, such as a mixture of KMnO 4 and H 2 SO 4 or a complex and expensive synthesis setup. In our work, we report a simple method to improve the wettability of these materials by a mechanochemical treatment completed within 1 h at room-temperature utilizing a NH 3 solution. Besides increasing the specific surface area of the carbon black from 67 m 2 ·g −1 up to 307 m 2 ·g −1 , our process also incorporates nitrogen-and oxygen-containing functional groups into the carbon. This reduces the contact angle from 80 • to 30 • , confirming an enhanced wettability. Our work presents an easy, fast, and straightforward pathway towards the functionalization of carbon nanomaterials and can be of use in various applications where aqueous wettability is advantageous.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Functionalization of Carbon Black at Room Temperature

Leistenschneider

Zürbes

Schneidermann

et al. 2018

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“…Also, various porous carbon materials have been employed in sulfur cathodes, resulting in higher active mass utilization. [24][25][26][27] Alternately, lithium sulfide (Li 2 S) was used as a starting cathode material, 28 but with no improvement to the sulfide shuttle effect. More success was achieved by us with improved sulfur utilization (specific capacity and coulombic efficiency) and cycle life even with high sulfur loadings, by blending sulfur with transition metal sulfides (MoS 2 and TiS 2 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Separators in Lithium/Sulfur Cells with High-Capacity Cathodes

Bugga

Jones

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Lithium-sulfur cells exhibit poor cycle life, due to the 'polysulfide shuttle' enabled by the dissolution of sulfur reduction products in organic electrolyte. Different strategies have been implemented to reduce the shuttle effects, including novel cathode designs to sequester polysulfides within the cathode, new electrolytes with reduced polysulfide solubility, and blocking layers to hinder polysulfide migration towards the anode. However, these are less successful in the case of high-energy Li/S cells with cathodes featuring substantial sulfur loadings, as proportionately greater polysulfide dissolution rapidly degrades performance. Additionally, the electrolyte/sulfur ratio is a limiting factor in high-energy cells, indicating that a minimum polysulfide solubility is required. Herein we describe the benefits of modified separators with the objective of blocking polysulfide migration. Specifically, we demonstrate improved discharge performance in laboratory Li/S cells with ceramic-coated separators, including single-sided and double-sided Al 2 O 3 -coated polyolefin material from commercial sources. We also developed a new AlF 3 coating on a polyolefin separator that showed even greater improvements: higher initial specific capacity (∼800 mAh/g S ), coulombic efficiency (>96%), and cycle life (>100 cycles). Detailed analytical study via SEM and EDS of separators harvested from cycled cells indicated an approximately uniform sulfur distribution across the ceramic-coated separator. Finally, concentrated electrolytes, which reportedly minimize polysulfide diffusion and lithium dendrite growth, were tested and shown to yield high coulombic efficiency although with low sulfur utilization.

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“…A variety of monosaccharide and disaccharides have been utilized as green carbon precursors for many years. By applying modern carbonization techniques, high quality carbon materials with special categories of pores and shapes can be obtained [6,82,84,85,[97][98][99]. Porous carbon spheres were developed by Park et al [97] using glucose as the carbon precursor and KOH as the activating agent.…”

Section: Bio-derived Hierarchical Porous Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

et al. 2016

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Biomass has been utilized as an energy source for thousands of years typically in the form of wood and charcoal. Technological advances create new methodologies to extract energy and chemicals from biomass. The biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons (BDNPCs) are the most promising sulfur hosts and interlayers in rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. In this article, a comprehensive review is provided in the synthesis of nanostructured porous carbon materials for high-performance rechargeable Li-S batteries by using biomass. The performances of the Li-S batteries dependent on the porous structures (micro, meso and hierarchical) from BDNPCs are discussed, which can provide an in-depth understanding and guide rational design of high-performance cathode materials by using low-cost, sustainable and natural bio-precursors. Furthermore, the current existing challenges and the future research directions for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries by using natural biomass materials are also addressed.

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A new route for the preparation of mesoporous carbon materials with high performance in lithium–sulphur battery cathodes

Cited by 99 publications

References 21 publications

Mechanochemical Functionalization of Carbon Black at Room Temperature

Mechanochemical Functionalization of Carbon Black at Room Temperature

New Separators in Lithium/Sulfur Cells with High-Capacity Cathodes

Biomass-derived nanostructured porous carbons for lithium-sulfur batteries

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