A NEW SALMONELLA TYPE (30: g,m)

Kauffmann, F.; Lund, Birthe S. Rosenqvist; Seeliger, H. P. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1955.tb04576.x

Cited by 113 publications

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“…Another important recent finding from large surveys is that the LINER and the nuclear radio-source phenomena are independent of each other (Best et al 2005). Since then, Heckman and I wrote a paper showing that SDSS data support a picture in which early-type galaxies with LINERs are fueled by mass loss from evolved stars (Kauffmann & Heckman 2009), another idea that has been around since the 1980s (Norman & Scoville 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

The discovery of LINERs and a premonition that black holes are found in every galaxy

Kauffmann

2009

A&A

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The 1980 paper by T. M. Heckman is the standard reference for a type of galactic nucleus called a LINER (low-ionization nuclear emission-line region), which is defined by its spectral line emission. The spectra of these objects typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+. Unlike the more luminous but much rarer Seyfert 2 nuclei, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak in LINERs. Prior to this paper, a handful of these objects had been studied, and the view was that they constituted a rare class of active galactic nucleus (AGN) in which shock-heating of the gas was likely to play an important role in exciting the line emission. Heckman's paper, which was the third and last in a series published in A&A and A&AS in 1980 on the properties of the nuclear regions of nearby galaxies, demonstrated clearly that LINERs are ubiquitous in the nuclei of early type galaxies. The paper was also the first to use the acronym LINER, which now has its own Wikipedia entry! The survey on which the paper is based consists of a sample of 90 galaxies listed in the Second Reference Catalog of Galaxies (de Vaucouleurs et al. 1976) as brighter than 12th magnitude and north of declination +40 deg. The radio data was obtained using the first set of antennae that were available on the VLA. In the late 1970s, almost all radio interferometry was done in Europe or Australia and most American astronomers had to be content with single-dish observations using the Arecibo or Green Bank telescopes.Although Heckman's survey only contained a small number of galaxies, the important point is that it was an unbiased study of nuclear activity in a small, but representative sample of nearby galaxies. The sample was selected using only the apparent magnitude of the galaxy as a criterion, hence insuring that it did not favor any particular form of nuclear activity and that it included a wide range of galaxies of different intrinsic luminosities and types. This allowed Heckman to characterize both the LINER phenomenon itself and the properties of LINER host galaxies in considerable detail.Some of Heckman's main conclusions about the LINER nuclear activity in galaxies are: 1) that the total luminosities of the line-emitting regions are low (10 38 −10 40 erg s −1 ), so more similar to giant HII regions than the nuclei of Seyferts or quasars; 2) that the widths of the emission lines are similar to the lines originating in the narrow-line gas in Seyferts; 3) that there is no evidence of a featureless blue continuum that indicates the presence of an accretion disk in these objects; and 4) that LINERs are frequently associated with compact nuclear radio sources.His study of the correlation between LINER activity and host galaxy properties showed that: 1) LINERs occur in a third of all galaxies in the local Universe; 2) that the LINER fraction peaks in galaxies with early-type (E,S0,Sa) morphologies; 3) that there is no correlation between LINER activit...

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confidence: 99%

The discovery of LINERs and a premonition that black holes are found in every galaxy

Kauffmann

2009

A&A

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“…It was mixed with asolectin dissolved in minimum amount of chloroform in a mortar. The weight ratio of ripe carbon paste to solid asolectin was 95:5 according to the protocol optimized previously by Kauffmann and co-workers [33,35]. The solvent was evaporated overnight at laboratory temperature.…”

Section: Preparation Of Carbon Paste Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asolectin, phosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin were used as modifiers of CPEs. Such modified CPE have been applied to the preconcentration and determination of drugs such as promethazine [33], adriamycin and epirubicin [34], celiptium [35] and marcellomycine [36]. Fatty acids, especially lauric, stearic, and tetracosanoic acid, were used for modification of CPE for determination of drugs as trimipramine [37], piroxicam, and tenoxicam [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipids improve selectivity and sensitivity of carbon electrodes: Determination of pesticide Paraquat

Švecová

Součková

Pyszková

et al. 2014

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy were used for the investigation of properties and permeability of asolectin phospholipid layer and its influence on the voltammetric response of carbon electrodes. Permeability of the layer was tested using two electrochemically active compounds – paraquat as an example of lipophilic pesticide and copper sulphate as an example of hydrophilic substance. The phospholipid layer has suppressed the current response of copper ions effectively even in their large excess to paraquat. By contrast, the current response of lipophilic substance paraquat was almost unaffected by the phospholipid layer. As a result, the slope of calibration straightline for the copper ions was 14‐times lower at the modified electrode than at bare electrode. On the contrary, the slope of calibration curve for paraquat was almost the same at modified electrode compared to bare electrode. Unmodified (CPE) and phospholipid modified (LMCPE) carbon paste electrode were applied to the determination of paraquat by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry. Detection limits 0.8 and 0.2 µmol/L were obtained from the calibration dependencies for CPE and LMCPE, respectively. SPE was used for preconcentration of paraquat from model water samples and the recovery of the whole procedure was higher than 92%. Practical applications: Improvement in both selectivity and sensitivity to lipophilic pesticide paraquat was observed after modification of the glassy carbon electrode and carbon paste electrode with soybean phospholipids (asolectin). The approach can be used for increasing of sensitivity of analytical methods, for development of electrochemical sensors as well as in research of phospholipid aggregates and its properties. Improvement in both selectivity and sensitivity to lipophilic pesticide paraquat was observed after modification of the glassy carbon electrode and carbon paste electrode with soybean phospholipids (asolectin).

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“…We adopt the conversion log (L Bol /L ) = 0.99 × log (L [O III] /L ) + 3.5 (±0.5) appropriate for L [O III] before extinction correction (Liu et al 2009). We correct L [O III] for the contribution from SF using an empirical method based on an object's position in the [N II]/Hα versus [O III]/Hβ diagram following Kauffmann & Heckman (2009). We infer SMBH mass (M BH ) from stellar velocity dispersion (σ * ), assuming the relation observed in local inactive galaxies (e.g.…”

Section: Bolometric Luminosity and Black Hole Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-mail: xinliu@astro.princeton.edu Two useful parameters are the specific star formation rate ( SSFR ≡ SFR/M * ) and Eddington ratio (λ ≡ L Bol /L Edd ). By studying the λ distribution in AGNs as a function of mean stellar age, Kauffmann & Heckman (2009) suggested that local AGNs occupy two distinct growth regimes. These authors used the 4000-Å break [D n (4000) ;Bruzual 1983;Balogh et al 1999] to characterize the mean stellar age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the history of recent bulge star formation in Active Galactic Nuclei

Liu

2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters

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We examine the relation between black hole accretion and bulge star formation as a function of look-back time (τ ) in 20,541 obscured AGNs (with redshiftsz ∼0.1 and bolometric luminosities L Bol ∼ 10 43 -10 45 erg s −1 ) optically selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To quantify the most recently formed stars with ages less than typical AGN lifetimes, we estimate the differentiated specific star formation rate (SSFR τ ) based on population synthesis analysis. Eddington ratio (λ) is inferred using [O III] λ5007 luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion as proxies for L Bol and black hole mass respectively. We find that when τ < τ 0 , SDSS AGNs follow a power law λ ∝ SSFR 1.0−1.1 τ ; the relation flattens out when τ > τ 0 . The threshold timescale τ 0 is ∼ 0.1 (∼ 1) Gyr in young (old) bulges. The scatter in the power laws is dominated by observational uncertainties. These results may provide useful constraints on models explaining the correlations between AGN activity and bulge star formation.

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A NEW SALMONELLA TYPE (30: g,m)

Cited by 113 publications

References 0 publications

The discovery of LINERs and a premonition that black holes are found in every galaxy

The discovery of LINERs and a premonition that black holes are found in every galaxy

Phospholipids improve selectivity and sensitivity of carbon electrodes: Determination of pesticide Paraquat

Tracing the history of recent bulge star formation in Active Galactic Nuclei

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