A new seed-transmissible begomovirus in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Manivannan, Kothandan; Renukadevi, P.; Malathi, V. G.; Karthikeyan, G.; Balakrishnan, N.

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.036

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This probability increases to 10 −18 and 10 −8 if we consider the lower infection rates of G 1 seedlings reported for the same virus in other hosts, such as soybean and pepper, with infection rates of 21% [6] and 10% [32], respectively. Similar levels of probability are obtained if one considers the infection rates of other geminiviruses in different progeny plants [7][8][9][10][11]. Therefore, our data allow us to exclude seed transmission of TYLCSV, at least at the rates that were measured for TYLCV or for other begomoviruses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Until now, geminiviruses have been commonly believed to be naturally transmitted by hemipteran insects, such as whiteflies, leafhoppers, plant-hoppers and aphids. Recently, seed transmissibility of some begomoviruses, such as sweet potato leaf curl virus [ 4 ], tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) [ 5 ], tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus [ 6 , 7 ], mung bean yellow mosaic virus [ 8 ], bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus [ 9 ] and pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus [ 10 ] has been reported. This feature has been evoked to clarify the spread of certain viruses in specific areas, especially where insect vectors are not reported [ 5 , 11 ] or to elucidate geminivirus origin, evolution and distribution patterns [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato

Tabein

Miozzi

Matić

et al. 2021

Cells

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Seed transmission is an important factor in the epidemiology of plant pathogens. Geminiviruses are serious pests spread in tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted by hemipteran insects, but a few cases of transmission through seeds were recently reported. Here, we investigated the tomato seed transmissibility of the begomovirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), one of the agents inducing the tomato yellow leaf curl disease, heavily affecting tomato crops in the Mediterranean area. None of the 180 seedlings originating from TYLCSV-infected plants showed any phenotypic alteration typical of virus infection. Moreover, whole viral genomic molecules could not be detected in their cotyledons and true leaves, neither by membrane hybridization nor by rolling-circle amplification followed by PCR, indicating that TYLCSV is not a seed-transmissible pathogen for tomato. Examining the localization of TYLCSV DNA in progenitor plants, we detected the virus genome by PCR in all vegetative and reproductive tissues, but viral genomic and replicative forms were found only in leaves, flowers and fruit flesh, not in seeds and embryos. Closer investigations allowed us to discover for the first time that these embryos were superficially contaminated by TYLCSV DNA but whole genomic molecules were not detectable. Therefore, the inability of TYLCSV genomic molecules to colonize tomato embryos during infection justifies the lack of seed transmissibility observed in this host.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato

Tabein

Miozzi

Matić

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…More than 320 species of BGVs are known to be transmitted by B. tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a cryptic species complex that includes more than 44 morphologically indistinguishable species [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Accordingly, the potential permutations of interactions in nature could be over 320 species of BGVs × more than 44 putative cryptic B. tabaci species × 1000 s of crop species and varieties [ 17 , 19 , 20 ]. Consequently, BGVs are considered fast-evolving DNA viruses due to the global expansion in the population, dispersal of their whitefly vector, and the worldwide movement of plant materials, usually driven by human movements [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the potential permutations of interactions in nature could be over 320 species of BGVs × more than 44 putative cryptic B. tabaci species × 1000 s of crop species and varieties [ 17 , 19 , 20 ]. Consequently, BGVs are considered fast-evolving DNA viruses due to the global expansion in the population, dispersal of their whitefly vector, and the worldwide movement of plant materials, usually driven by human movements [ 19 ]. Previous studies have shown the differences in virus transmission efficiency in the races of B. tabaci isolated from OW and NW geographical regions [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Variation and Diversification in Begomovirus Genome in Implication to Host and Vector Adaptation

Nigam

2021

Plants

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Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) are DNA viruses transmitted in a circulative, persistent manner by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). As revealed by their wide host range (more than 420 plant species), worldwide distribution, and effective vector transmission, begomoviruses are highly adaptive. Still, the genetic factors that facilitate their adaptation to a diverse array of hosts and vectors remain poorly understood. Mutations in the virus genome may confer a selective advantage for essential functions, such as transmission, replication, evading host responses, and movement within the host. Therefore, genetic variation is vital to virus evolution and, in response to selection pressure, is demonstrated as the emergence of new strains and species adapted to diverse hosts or with unique pathogenicity. The combination of variation and selection forms a genetic imprint on the genome. This review focuses on factors that contribute to the evolution of Begomovirus and their global spread, for which an unforeseen diversity and dispersal has been recognized and continues to expand.

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“…For many years, begomoviruses have been unable to be transmitted by virus-infected seeds and were only transmitted by whitefly B. tabaci-mediation, grafting, and artificial inoculation with infectious clones [22]. However, according to recent reports, the following begomoviruses have shown seed-transmissible characteristics: sweet potato leaf curl virus, mung bean yellow mosaic virus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus, and dolichos yellow mosaic virus [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Additionally, seed transmission of the ToLCNDV Indian strain was identified in Chayote in India [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Transmission of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus from Zucchini Squash in Italy

Kil

Fadhila

et al. 2020

Plants

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Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus affecting tomato cultivation on the Indian subcontinent. Recently, however, a new strain of the virus, named ToLCNDV-ES, has spread to Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Italy, and Tunisia, and occurred in Cucurbita crops, causing economic damage. Although ToLCNDV is spread by the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), like other begomoviruses, it has not been clear how ToLCNDV suddenly spread from the Indian subcontinent to the Mediterranean region. In 2017, ToLCNDV was diagnosed in young seedlings germinated naturally from fruits fallen in the prior year on a farm located in Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy, suggesting a possible role of the seeds in vertical transmission of the virus. Because sweet potato whiteflies were widespread naturally in that region, it was necessary to verify that in an artificial insect vector-free condition. Seeds were harvested from two ToLCNDV-infected zucchini squash cultivars in Naples in 2017 and 2018 to examine whether ToLCNDV can be transmitted from zucchini squash seeds to young plants. Viral DNA was amplified from these seeds and 1- to 3-week-old seedlings germinated from them with a ToLCNDV-specific primer set. According to PCR results, viral contamination was confirmed from all harvested seeds and dissemination was proven from 61.36% of tested seedling samples. Mechanical transmission from seed-borne virus-infected seedlings to healthy zucchini squash plants was also succesful, demonstrating that seedlings from ToLCNDV-infected seeds did act as inoculum. This is the first report demonstrating that ToLCNDV is a seed-transmissible virus in zucchini squash plants in Italy.

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A new seed-transmissible begomovirus in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato

No Evidence for Seed Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Sardinia Virus in Tomato

Genomic Variation and Diversification in Begomovirus Genome in Implication to Host and Vector Adaptation

Seed Transmission of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus from Zucchini Squash in Italy

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