A new simple screening method for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

Cheng, Jin; Pi, Shuaishuai; Ye, Shufeng; Gao, Haomin; Yao, Lei; Jiang, Zhenyi; Yang, Song; Xi, Lei

doi:10.1007/s00343-012-1097-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A variation of this assay has recently been proposed that utilizes sublethal indicators of toxicity rather than time to death as a means of screening for the toxins. It is based on levels of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the blood of the mice at timed intervals [84]. The detection limit of the assay was less than 1 μg/kg weight (equivalent to 20 ng/mL), which is below the regulatory limit required for shellfish closures.…”

Section: Methods Of Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods of Detection and Ecological Functions

2013

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Marine neurotoxins are natural products produced by phytoplankton and select species of invertebrates and fish. These compounds interact with voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels and modulate the flux of these ions into various cell types. This review provides a summary of marine neurotoxins, including their structures, molecular targets and pharmacologies. Saxitoxin and its derivatives, collectively referred to as paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), are unique among neurotoxins in that they are found in both marine and freshwater environments by organisms inhabiting two kingdoms of life. Prokaryotic cyanobacteria are responsible for PST production in freshwater systems, while eukaryotic dinoflagellates are the main producers in marine waters. Bioaccumulation by filter-feeding bivalves and fish and subsequent transfer through the food web results in the potentially fatal human illnesses, paralytic shellfish poisoning and saxitoxin pufferfish poisoning. These illnesses are a result of saxitoxin’s ability to bind to the voltage-gated sodium channel, blocking the passage of nerve impulses and leading to death via respiratory paralysis. Recent advances in saxitoxin research are discussed, including the molecular biology of toxin synthesis, new protein targets, association with metal-binding motifs and methods of detection. The eco-evolutionary role(s) PSTs may serve for phytoplankton species that produce them are also discussed.

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Section: Methods Of Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview on the Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods of Detection and Ecological Functions

2013

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“…Mouse bioassay (MBA) [9], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [10], highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [11], and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [12] are the four primary methodologies and analyses [13] for the detection of marine toxins. For a long time, the MBA has been the mandated official technique for STX analysis [6,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor

et al. 2022

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Saxitoxin (STX) is a highly toxic and widely distributed paralytic shellfish toxin (PSP), posing a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Thus, it is highly required to develop new STX detection approaches that are convenient, desirable, and affordable. This study presented a label-free electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer developed positively charged Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. An aptamer (Apt), which is sensitive to STX was electrostatically immobilized onto the PAMAM dendrimer layer. This results in an Apt that is preferably flat inside a Debye length, resulting in less charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements were utilized to monitor each step of a sensor surface variation, namely, the immobilization of PAMAM dendrimers, Apt, and STX. Additionally, the surface morphology of PAMAM dendrimer layers was studied by using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to confirm that Apt was successfully immobilized on a PAMAM dendrimer-modified EIS sensor. The results presented an aptasensor with a detection range of 0.5 - 100 nM for STX detection and a limit of detection was 0.09 nM. Additionally, the aptasensor demonstrated high selectivity and 9-day stability. The extraction of mussel tissue indicated that an aptasensor may be applied to the detection of STX in real samples. An aptasensor enables marine toxin detection in a rapid and label-free manner.

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Electrochemical impedance biosensor for detection of saxitoxin in aqueous solution

et al. 2021

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A new simple screening method for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

An Overview on the Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods of Detection and Ecological Functions

An Overview on the Marine Neurotoxin, Saxitoxin: Genetics, Molecular Targets, Methods of Detection and Ecological Functions

Label-Free Detection of Saxitoxin with Field-Effect Device-Based Biosensor

Electrochemical impedance biosensor for detection of saxitoxin in aqueous solution

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