A New Soluble Gelatin Sponge for Transcatheter Hepatic Arterial Embolization

Abstract

To prepare a soluble gelatin sponge (GS) and to explore the GS particles (GSPs) that inhibit development of collateral pathways when transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization is performed. The approval of the Institutional Committee on Research Animal Care of our institution was obtained. By means of 50 and 100 kDa of regenerative medicine-gelatin (RM-G), RM-G sponges were prepared by freeze-drying and heating to temperatures of 110-150°C for cross-linkage. The soluble times of RM-GSPs were measured in vitro. Eight swine for transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization were assigned into two groups: six received 135°C/50RM-GSPs, 125°C/100RM-GSPs, and 138°C/50RM-GSPs, with soluble time of 48 h or more in vitro; two swine received Gelpart GSPs (G-GSPs) with insoluble time of 14 days as a control. Transarterial chemoembolization was performed on two branches of the hepatic artery per swine. RM-GSPs heated at temperatures of 110-138°C were soluble. Mean soluble times of the RM-GSPs increased with higher temperature. Hepatic branches embolized with G-GSP remained occluded after 6 days, and development of collateral pathways was observed after 3 days. Hepatic branches embolized with 135°C/50RM-GSP and 125°C/100RM-GSP remained occluded for 4 h, and recanalization was observed after 1 day. Hepatic branches embolized with 138°C/50RM-GS remained occluded for 1 day, and recanalization was observed after 2 days with no development of collateral pathways. In RM-GSs with various soluble times that were prepared by modulating the heating temperature, 138°C/50RM-GSP was the soluble GSP with the longest occlusion time without inducing development of collateral pathways.

Synthesis of 24‐h soluble gelatin sponge particles and their effect on liver necrosis following hepatic artery embolization: Results of in vitro and in vivo studies

“…WE CREATED SGSP using the method described by Takasaka et al ., using low‐endotoxin gelatin with a molecular weight of 50 kDa (Jellice, Sendai, Japan) suitable for use in regenerative medicine . Because Takasaka et al .…”

“…Lipiodol and gelatin sponge particles of 1–2 mm are frequently used as embolic materials in conventional TACE . Gelatin sponge sheets and gelatin sponge powders (GSP) are produced from gelatin by freezing and then heating at 150°C or more to eradicate bacteria and endotoxins and to achieve heat‐induced cross‐linkage . This process yields an insoluble gelatin sponge in saline …”

“…Takasaka et al . developed soluble gelatin sponge sheets and controlled the dissolution time in saline by changing the temperature at which the cross‐links formed . These sheets can be separated into soluble gelatin sponge particles (SGSP) with sizes of 1–2 mm.…”

Giant cavernous hepatic hemangioma shrunk by use of sorafenib

“…That is, 2 mg of contrast agent mixed suspension gelatin particles (Gelpart ® ; Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) [15] was injected from left hepatic artery and 2 mg from middle hepatic artery. We did not perform TAE from the right hepatic artery because the primary tumor was mainly fed by the left and middle hepatic arteies, and the tumor in right hepatic lobe was observed only as small nodules fed by right hepatic artery.…”

Creation of Cisplatin-Adsorbing Regenerative-Medicine Gelatin Sponge and Its Cisplatin Release Pattern

“…The solubility of dried RM gelatin sponge can be controlled by heating for sterilization. 11) Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with insoluble gelatin sponge and anticancer drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to cause hepatic arterial damage, 12,13) Kawai et al reported that TACE with soluble gelatin sponge for HCC resulted in the same therapeutic effect as TACE with non-soluble gelatin sponge, while causing significantly less hepatic artery impairment. 14) When anticancer agents are commonly used in a lipiodol emulsion in TACE of the hepatic artery for HCC, it is reported in the experimental study that anticancer agents was washed out rapidly from the liver to the hepatic vein.…”