A new specimen of<i>Platypterygius sachicarum</i>(Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications

Maxwell, Erin E.; Cortés, Dirley; Patarroyo, Pedro; Ruge, Mary Luz Parra

doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1577875

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In MOZ‐PV 5788, the lateral exposure of the surangular on the posterior region of the mandibular ramus is less than that of the angular, unlike in ‘ Platypterygius ’ sachicarum and Muiscasaurus catheti (Maxwell et al . 2016, 2019).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Tyborowski 2016; Maxwell et al . 2019). The anteriormost facet for the anterior accessory epipodial element (AAE) is anteriorly deflected, similar to Ge.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012; Moon & Kirton 2018; Maxwell et al . 2019). The fossa becomes wider posteriorly until it disappears 70 mm after the emergence of the anterior tip of the nasals on the dorsal surface of the rostrum.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina

Campos

Fernández

Herrera

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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Jurassic and Cretaceous marine deposits worldwide show that ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaurs are major components of marine tetrapod communities for almost 76 myr. One of the major features characterizing this clade is the complexity and diversity of their stylopodium-zeugopodium morphology. Upper Jurassic deposits of the Vaca Muerta Formation in north-west Patagonia (Argentina) have yielded the richest Tithonian ophthalmosaurid records from Gondwana. Here, we present a new ophthalmosaurid from this lithostratigraphic unit, Sumapalla argentina gen. et sp. nov., recognized based on several unique features of the skull roof, forefin, scapular, and pelvic girdles. On phylogenetic analysis it was recovered as a basal member of Platypterygiinae. The peculiar morphology of the forefin of the new taxon indicates a previously unnoticed morphological diversity in the ophthalmosaurid appendicular skeleton and provides an excellent opportunity to test its range of variation. For this purpose, we implemented a holistic approach, using 2D geometric morphometric analysis focused on the humerus, and disparity analysis of the zeugopodium. Our results reveal a long duration of one humeral morphotype characterizing Arthropterygius spp. and closely related taxa. Furthermore, we found a peak of zeugopodial disparity during the Kimmeridgian, followed by a decrease by the end of the Jurassic, and then a recovery by the Early Cretaceous.

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015; Tyborowski 2016; Maxwell et al . 2019). The anteriormost facet for the anterior accessory epipodial element (AAE) is anteriorly deflected, similar to Ge.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina

Campos

Fernández

Herrera

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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“…Despite the abundant recent discoveries of fossil vertebrates from the Cretaceous of Colombia ( Cadena, 2015 ; Cadena & Parham, 2015 ; Cadena et al, 2019 ; Carballido et al, 2015 ; Maxwell et al, 2019 ; Noé & Gómez-Pérez, 2020 ; Páramo-Fonseca et al, 2016 ; Vernygora et al, 2018 ), the exceptional preservation of soft tissue or their potential original components is still rarely reported for most of them, with the exception of the recently described gravid marine turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Villa de Leyva ( Cadena et al, 2019 ). Here we report a caudal fragment of an aspidorhynchid fossil fish recovered from the lower segment of the Paja Formation from Zapatoca, Santander, Colombia ( Figs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptionally preserved ‘skin’ in an Early Cretaceous fish from Colombia

Alfonso-Rojas

Cadena

2020

PeerJ

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Studies of soft tissue, cells and original biomolecular constituents preserved in fossil vertebrates have increased greatly in recent years. Here we report preservation of ‘skin’ with chemical and molecular characterization from a three-dimensionally preserved caudal portion of an aspidorhynchid Cretaceous fish from the equatorial Barremian of Colombia, increasing the number of localities for which exceptional preservation is known. We applied several analytical techniques including SEM-EDS, FTIR and ToF-SIMS to characterize the micromorphology and molecular and elemental composition of this fossil. Here, we show that the fossilized ‘skin’ exhibits similarities with those from extant fish, including the wrinkles after suffering compression stress and flexibility, as well as architectural and tissue aspects of the two main layers (epidermis and dermis). This similarity extends also to the molecular level, with the demonstrated preservation of potential residues of original proteins not consistent with a bacterial source. Our results show a potential preservation mechanism where scales may have acted as an external barrier and together with an internal phosphate layer resulting from the degradation of the dermis itself creating an encapsulated environment for the integument.

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“…Despite the abundant recent discoveries of fossil vertebrates from the Cretaceous of Colombia (Cadena 2015;Cadena & Parham 2015;Cadena et al 2019;Carballido et al 2015;Maxwell et al 2019;Páramo-Fonseca et al 2016;Vernygora et al 2018), the exceptional preservation of soft tissue or their potential original components is still rarely reported for most of them, with the exception of the recently described gravid marine turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Villa de Leyva (Cadena et al 2019). Here we report a caudal fragment of an aspidorhynchid fossil fish recovered from the lower segment of the Paja Formation from Zapatoca, Santander, Colombia (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Exceptionally preserved ‘skin’ in an Early Cretaceous fish from Colombia (v0.1)"

Benton¹

2020

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Studies of soft tissue, cells and original biomolecular constituents preserved in fossil vertebrates have increased notoriously in recent years. Here we report preservation of 'skin' with chemical and molecular characterization from a three-dimensionally preserved caudal portion of an aspidorhynchid Cretaceous fish from the equatorial Barremian of Colombia increasing the number of localities for which exceptional preservation is known. We applied several analytical techniques including SEM-EDS, FTIR and ToF-SIMS to characterize the micromorphology and molecular and elemental composition of this fossil. Here, we show that the fossilized 'skin' exhibits similarities with those from extant fish including the wrinkles after suffering compression stress and flexibility, as well as architectural and tissue aspects of the two main layers (epidermis and dermis). This similarity extends also to molecular level, with the demonstrated preservation of potential residues of original proteins not consistent with bacterial source. Our results show a potential preservation mechanism where scales may have acted as an external barrier and together with an internal phosphate layer resulting from the degradation of the dermis itself creating an encapsulated environment for the integument.

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A new specimen ofPlatypterygius sachicarum(Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina

Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina

Exceptionally preserved ‘skin’ in an Early Cretaceous fish from Colombia

Peer Review #1 of "Exceptionally preserved ‘skin’ in an Early Cretaceous fish from Colombia (v0.1)"

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