three-dimensional display, which are of great help in the course of diagnosis and evaluation of the displacements to be carried out, in order to obtain optimal aesthetic results.Key words: orthognathic surgery, plastic surgery, genioplasty, maxillo-mandibular malformations, facial profile change.
IntroductionMany adult patients consult an orthodontist and/or maxillofacial surgeon wanting to improve their facial and dental aesthetics because beauty has great social power and results in more social contacts (1). Orthognathic surgery was performed in order to correct several skull and face abnormalities. It aims to restoring a correct occlusive relation, though the repositioning of the maxillo-mandibular skeleton basis, to increase in balance the stomatognatic system with neuro-muscular and articular components. Furthermore, while restoring the dental-skeletal relation and the occlusive ratio, it significantly helps to harmonize the face contour, achieving great cosmetic results (2). Nowadays, orthognathic surgery can be associated to other surgical treatments, such as either reductive and augmentative genioplasty (3). In 1942, Hofer first reported the use of genioplasty as surgical intervention, performing an anterior horizontal mandibular osteotomy; later on, in 1947, Sir Harold Gillies performed a sliding genioplasty on a patient affected by the Treacher-Collins syndrome. Finally, in 1964 Convers and Wood-Smith published their first significative literature. In 1948, for the first time, Rubin introduced the use of alloplastic implants, whose practice, however, was going to be limited to augmentative genioplasty cases of minor entity (4). During the 1950s, there has been a significant improvement in implants and materials quality, that leds to the creation of implants extremely close to the natural anatomic shape. Genioplasty as a cosmetic procedure is performed when skull and face malformations occur, causing an alteration of size and chin abnormalities in all three dimensions. Among this group of abnormal morbidities, there are dental-skeleton malformations and mandibular asymmetries (5). The type of abnormality that needs to be addressed determines the technique to be used and the type of displacement that needs to be performed. In fact, sliding genioplasty can both be performed, according to the nature of the case, through osteotomies or alloplastic implants.
SummaryAim. The aim of this study was to determinate how orthognatic surgery aids to cure many skull and face abnormalities and to help re-establishing the correct occlusive relation thanks to the repositioning of the maxillo-mandibular skeleton basis. Methods. The study included 183 male patients and 338 female patients, with an average age of 23 years. The sample series was divided according to specific pathologies. All patients underwent surgical procedures and the therapeutic strategy was determined based on the anomalies presented. Results. 113 patients had a II class dental skeletal occlusion, 180 patients had a III class dental-skeletal occlusion...