This editorial provides an overview of a special issue dedicated to the 9 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics -HEFAT2012hosted on Malta. All papers for this conference were peer-reviewed and 270 papers were accepted. Of these, 10 of the best papers were selected for this issue and peer-reviewed for a second time according to journal standards. The 10 papers focus on the characteristics of oxyfuel and air-fuel combustion in an industrial water tube boiler, numerical and optical analysis of a weather-adaptable solar reactor, the mitigation of crystallisation fouling using projectiles in tubular heat exchangers, the mitigation of crystallisation fouling in a single heated tube using projectiles of different sizes and hardness, a framework for the analysis of thermal losses in reciprocating compressors and expanders, an annular impinging jet controlled by radial synthetic jets, multi-effect plants and ionic liquids for improved absorption chillers, the effect of climatic parameters on the heat transfer mechanisms in a solar distillation still, empirical correlations for slightly decaying grid turbulence, and pool boiling on modified surfaces using R-123. The current issue of Heat Transfer Engineering is the ninth special journal issue dedicated to selected papers from the HEFAT conferences.