A new technique for determining the sublethal toxicity of pesticides to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <i>Glomus intraradices</i>

Wan, Michael T.; Rahe, J. E.; Watts, R. G.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620170728

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies conducted in vitro (Wan et al 1998;Druille et al 2016) and in vivo (Druille et al 2013) have shown that glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a secondary metabolite of glyphosate, are relatively toxic to AMF (IC50 of 0.5 ± 0.3 ppm and 3.8 ± 2.8 ppm, respectively). For example, Druille et al (2013) showed a marked reduction in arbuscules with glyphosate applied to plant leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat

Bastogne,

Buysens,

Schtickzelle

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are totally dependent on a suitable host plant for their carbon resources. Here, we investigated under in vitro conditions, the impact of defoliation practices, i.e. mechanical defoliation or chemical defoliation with a contact (Reglone®, containing the active ingredient diquat) or systemic (RoundUp®, containing the active ingredient glyphosate) herbicide, on the dynamics of spore production of Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizophagus intraradices associated to Solanum tuberosum and/or Medicago truncatula. Glyphosate affected the spore production rate more rapidly and severely than diquat or mechanical defoliation. We hypothesize that this effect was related to the disruption of the C metabolism in the whole plant combined with a possible direct effect of glyphosate on the fungus within the roots and/or in the soil via the release of this active ingredient from decaying roots. No glyphosate could be detected in the roots due to technical constraints, while its release from the roots in the medium corresponded to 0.11% of the active ingredient applied to the leaves. The three defoliation practices strongly affected root colonization, compared to the non-defoliated plants. However, the amount of glyphosate released into the medium did not affect spore germination and germ tube growth. These results suggest that the effects of defoliation on the dynamics of spore production are mainly indirect via an impact on the plant, and that the effect is faster and more marked with the glyphosate-formulation, possibly via a direct effect on the fungus in the roots and more hypothetically on spore germination in the environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat

Bastogne,

Buysens,

Schtickzelle

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Plant Response to Herbicides

Dyer¹,

Weller²

2005

Plant Abiotic Stress

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy

Sweeney

Bottoms

Ellis³

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) perform key soil ecosystem services and, because of their symbiotic relationship with plant roots, may be exposed to the plant protection products (PPPs) applied to soils and crops. In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) released a scientific opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of PPPs for in‐soil organisms, recommending the inclusion of AMF ecotoxicological testing in the PPP regulatory process. However, it is not clear how this can be implemented in a tiered, robust, and ecologically relevant manner. Through a critical review of current literature, we examine the recommendations made within the EFSA report and the methodologies available to integrate AMF into the PPP risk assessment and provide perspective and commentary on their agronomic and ecological relevance. We conclude that considerable research questions remain to be addressed prior to the inclusion of AMF into the in‐soil organism risk assessment, many of which stem from the unique challenges associated with including an obligate symbiont within the PPP risk assessment. Finally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and the further research required to enable development of relevant, reliable, and robust scientific tests alongside pragmatic and scientifically sound guidance to ensure that any future risk‐assessment paradigm is adequately protective of the ecosystem services it aims to preserve. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1808–1823. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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A new technique for determining the sublethal toxicity of pesticides to the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat

Glyphosate affects the sporulation dynamics of Rhizophagus species more severely than mechanical defoliation or the contact herbicide diquat

Plant Response to Herbicides

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Need for a Meaningful Regulatory Plant Protection Product Testing Strategy

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