A new technique for the investigation of some analgesic drugs on a reflexive behavior in the rat

Evans, Wayne Ο.

doi:10.1007/bf00404119

Cited by 257 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Scrambled electric shocks were delivered through the grids by a constantcurrent shock generator . Using an ascending method of limits of successively more intense shocks (Evans, 1961), the flinch threshold was defined in milliamperes as the lowest intensity that elicited a withdrawal of a single paw from the grids. The initial jump threshold was defined as the lowest intensity that elicited simultaneous withdrawal of both hindpaws from the grids.…”

Section: Flinch-jump Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced analgesia: Time course of pain reflex alterations following cold water swims

Bodnar

Kelly

Glusman

1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

115

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Recent reports indicate that rats acutely stressed by inescapable footshock, rotation, restraint, or injections of hypertonic saline display increased tail-flick latencies. The present study parametrically analyzed the time course of analgesia following exposure to another stressor, a brief, forced cold water swim, by means of three nociceptive reflex tests. Rats acutely subjected to a cold water (2°C) swim for 3.5 min displayed significantly elevated tail-pinch and flinch-jump thresholds for up to 60 min; no change was noted in similarly treated warm water (28°C) controls. Tail-flick withdrawal latencies to radiant heat stimuli exhibited similar, but more enduring, increases, lasting up to 120 min. These results demonstrate that reactivity to three different nociceptive reflex modalities, electric shock, heat. and pressure, can be altered by acute exposure to a stressor.

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Section: Flinch-jump Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced analgesia: Time course of pain reflex alterations following cold water swims

Bodnar

Kelly

Glusman

1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

115

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“…Eighteen male albino Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats (350-500 g) were tested for flinch-jump thresholds using a modification of the Evans (1961) .40…”

Section: Flinch-jump Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced analgesia: Adaptation following chronic cold water swims

Bodnar

Kelly

Spiaggia

et al. 1978

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…On the following day, the same rats were tested for basal responsivity to the electric shock stimulus in the flinch-jump assay using a modified version of Evans (1961). Each rat was placed in the chamber and presented with a single ascending series of electric shocks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of nociception in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

Randich

1982

Psychobiology

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Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR) and normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) were assessed in hot-plate and flinch-jump analgesimetric assays. SHRs manifested longer latencies than WKY s to both paw-lick and jump in response to painful thermal stimulation in the hot-plate assay, but SHRs had lower flinch and jump thresholds than WKYs to electric shock stimulation in the flinch-jump assay. Bilateral sinoaortic deafferentation did not alter response latencies of either SHRs or WKY s in the hotplate assay, but significantly lowered flinch and jump thresholds of both SHRs and WKYs in the flinch-jump assay. These findings are discussed in terms of baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of endogenous pain-regulatory systems and motor control.Animal models of hypertension have not only provided information regarding the etiology of hypertension in humans, but also suggested that blood pressure control systems interact with pain-regulatory systems. Antinociceptive behaviors are manifested by rats with experimentally induced renal hypertension, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension, and genetic hypertension in hot-plate and paw-pinch analgesimetric assays (Maixner,

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A new technique for the investigation of some analgesic drugs on a reflexive behavior in the rat

Cited by 257 publications

References 4 publications

Stress-induced analgesia: Time course of pain reflex alterations following cold water swims

Stress-induced analgesia: Time course of pain reflex alterations following cold water swims

Stress-induced analgesia: Adaptation following chronic cold water swims

Sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of nociception in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

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