A New Thermal Conductivity Model and Two-Phase Mixed Convection of CuO–Water Nanofluids in a Novel I-Shaped Porous Cavity Heated by Oriented Triangular Hot Block

Abstract

This paper investigates the cooling performance of nanofluid (NF) mixed convection in a porous I-shaped electronic chip with an internal triangular hot block using Buongiorno’s two-phase model. This type of cavity and hot block geometry has not been studied formerly. The NF was assumed to be a mixture of water and CuO nanoparticles (NP) up to 4% of volume concentration. As most published mathematical models for the thermal conductivity of NF give inaccurate predictions, a new predictive correlation for effective thermal conductivity was also developed with a high accuracy compared to the experimental data. The results showed that any increase in the NP volume concentration enhances the average Nusselt number (Nu¯) and the normalized entropy generation, and reduces the thermal performance of the cavity in all orientations of the hot block. The maximum enhancement in cooling performance was 17.75% and occurred in the right-oriented hot block in the sand-based porous cavity. Furthermore, adding the NP to the base fluid leads to a more capable cooling system and enhances the irreversibility of the process.

A Benchmark Evaluation of the isoAdvection Interface Description Method for Thermally–Driven Phase Change Simulation

“…Flow boiling is an effective cooling method because the formation of bubbles may remove a significant amount of energy while simultaneously driving the flow due to the density differential. Additionally, the concept of utilizing metallic nanoparticles to enhance the thermal characteristics of liquids was pioneered by Choi and Eastman [ 3 ] and has since been the topic of several experimental [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and numerical [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] studies. Thus, devices that use flow boiling of nanofluids must be capable of absorbing a large amount of heat while also maintaining a uniform temperature distribution across the device.…”

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

“…Nanofluids can be utilized as a coolant for industrial applications in which particular areas are heat exchangers, (e.g., high horsepower cars, spacecrafts, and satellites). A new geometrical study was carried out in which an I-shaped block was concentrated with CuO/water nanofluid and a triangular hot block with four different orientations was tested [ 29 ]. Cooling properties of the CuO/water nanofluid were observed at each orientation.…”

“…Moreover, efficient and accurate mathematical models were used to obtain readings that were precisely similar to experimental values. A maximum heat transfer rate was recorded in the right-oriented hot block in the sand-based porous cavity with an average percentage of 17.75% [ 29 ]. Astanina et al investigated the utilization of a two-phase nonhomogeneous model (numerical model) of a CuO/water nanofluid for natural convection cases in a partially heated, square-shaped geometry [ 30 ].…”

Applications of Nanofluids

“…This Special Issue consists of twelve articles dedicated to nanofluid properties [ 1 ], the influence of nanoparticles on properties of other materials [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], as well as the possibility to enhance the heat transfer in different engineering devices using nanofluids, including the cooling of heat-generating elements in electronic devices [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], minichannel [ 9 ] and microchannel [ 10 ] optimization, and heat exchangers [ 11 , 12 ]. The objective of this Special Issue is to demonstrate the recent studies on nanoparticles and nanofluid applications in material treatment and engineering device optimization, which could be very useful for various specialists in mechanical and chemical engineering, physics, and mathematics.…”

“…Nanofluids are widely employed in different cooling systems for effective heat removal from electronics. Thus, Asadi et al [ 5 ] have scrutinized the numerically convective heat transfer of copper oxide/water nanosuspension in a porous I-shaped chamber with a centered isothermal triangular block. Analysis has been performed using the Buongiorno nanofluid model with empirical correlations for effective viscosity and thermal conductivity.…”