A NICER look at the state transitions of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its reflares

Cúneo, V. A.; Alabarta, Kevin; Zhang, L.; Altamirano, D.; Méndez, Mariano; Padilla, M. Armas; Remillard, Ronald A.; Homan, J.; Steiner, James F.; Combi, J. A.; Muñoz-Darias, T.; Gendreau, Keith C.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Stevens, Abigail; Loewenstein, Michael; Tombesi, Francesco; Bult, Peter; Fabian, A. C.; Buisson, D. J. K.; Neilsen, Joey; Basak, Arkadip

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1606

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The spectral properties and X-ray variability of 4U 1954+11 find similarities with other BHCs in the soft spectral state (Swift J1753.5-0127 (Yoshikawa et al 2015), MAXI J1634-479 (Xu et al 2020) and MAXI J1535-571 (Cúneo et al 2020)). The evolution of the hard component to dominate the emission at the relatively high-flux states as observed during the epochs 6 and 7 provides strong evidence that it does not harbour a NS (Di Salvo et al 2000;Wijnands et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Broad-band spectral study of LMXB black hole candidate 4U 1957+11 with NuSTAR

Sharma,

Jain

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present here the results of broadband spectral analysis of low-mass X-ray binary and a black hole candidate 4U 1957+11. The source was observed nine times with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) between 2018 September and 2019 November. During these observations, the spectral state of 4U 1957+11 evolved marginally.The disc dominant spectra are well described with a hot, multicolour disc blackbody with disc temperature varying in the range kT in ∼ 1.35-1.86 keV and a non-thermal component having a steep slope (Γ = 2-3). A broad Fe emission line feature (5-8 keV) was observed in the spectra of all the observations. The relativistic disc model was used to study the effect of distance, inclination, and the black hole mass on its spin. Simulations indicate a higher spin for smaller distances and lower black hole mass. At smaller distances and higher mass, spin is maximum and almost independent of the distance. An inverse correlation exists between the spin and the spectral hardening factor for all the cases. The system prefers a moderate spin of about 0.85 for black hole masses between 4-6 M for a 7 kpc distance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Broad-band spectral study of LMXB black hole candidate 4U 1957+11 with NuSTAR

Sharma,

Jain

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…As discussed in the introduction, FT outbursts never make the transition to the HSS (e.g., Tomsick et al 2004;Homan et al 2013. Instead, during reflares, systems can both stay in the LHS, or go through the different spectral states (e.g., Yan & Yu 2017a;Cúneo et al 2020;. Recent studies of the reflares of MAXI J1348−630 show that they follow a slightly softer track in the HID than the rising part of the main outburst (see Fig.…”

Section: Ft Outbursts and Reflaresmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It has been proposed that reflares and main outbursts are driven by the same physical processes (e.g., Yan & Yu 2017a;Cúneo et al 2020) and that they depend on general accretion physics rather than to the nature of the compact object (e.g., Patruno et al 2016). The similarities observed in the spectral behaviour of FT and full outbursts, reflares and main outbursts, imply that all these events might be driven by the same mechanisms.…”

Section: Ft Outbursts and Reflaresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failed-Transition outbursts in Black hole low-mass X-ray binaries

Alabarta,

Altamirano,

Méndez

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Black hole low-mass X-ray binaries (BH LMXBs) evolve in a similar way during outburst. Based on the X-ray spectrum and variability, this evolution can be divided into three canonical states: low/hard, intermediate and high/soft state. BH LMXBs evolve from the low/hard to the high/soft state through the intermediate state in some outbursts (here called "full outbursts"). However, in other cases, BH LMXBs undergo outbursts in which the source never reaches the high/soft state, here called "Failed-Transition outbursts" (FT outbursts). From a sample of 56 BH LMXBs undergoing 128 outbursts, we find that 36% of these BH LMXBs experienced at least one FT outburst, and that FT outbursts represent ∼33% of the outbursts of the sample, showing that these are common events. We compare all the available X-ray data of full and FT outbursts of BH LMXBs from RXTE/PCA, Swift/BAT and MAXI and find that FT and full outbursts cannot be distinguished from their X-ray light curves, HIDs or X-ray variability during the initial 10-60 days after the outburst onset. This suggests that both types of outbursts are driven by the same physical process. We also compare the optical and infrared (O/IR) data of FT and full outbursts of GX 339−4. We found that this system is generally brighter in O/IR bands before an FT outburst, suggesting that the O/IR flux points to the physical process that later leads to a full or an FT outburst. We discuss our results in the context of models that describe the onset and evolution of outbursts in accreting X-ray binaries.

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“…Russell et al (2019) also constrained the jet inclination to be 45 degrees. The source is heavily absorbed with a line-ofsight (LOS) column density larger than 10 22 cm −1 (Stevens et al 2018;Cúneo et al 2020, and the references therein). The source distance (𝐷) is estimated to be 4.1 +0.6 −0.5 kpc based on the analysis on HI absorption spectrum (Chauhan et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the reflection spectra of MAXI J1535-571 in the hard and intermediate states

Dong,

Liu,

Tuo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We report results on the joint-fit of the NuSTAR and HXMT data for the black hole X-ray binary candidate MAXI J1535-571. The observations were obtained in 2017 when the source evolved through the hard, hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states over the rising phase of the outburst. After subtracting continuum components, X-ray reflection signatures are clearly showed in those observations. By modeling the relativistic reflection in detail, we find that the inner radius 𝑅 in is relatively stable with 𝑅 in 1.55𝑅 g during the three states, which implies that the inner radius likely extends to the innermost stable circular orbit even in the bright hard state. When adopting 𝑅 in = 𝑅 ISCO , the spin parameter is constrained to be 0.985 +0.002 −0.004 at 90% confidence (statistical only). The best-fitting results reveal that the inclination of the inner accretion disc is ∼ 70 − 74 degrees, which notably conflicts with the apparent orientation of the ballistic jet ( 45 degrees). In addition, both the photon index and the electron temperature increase during the transition from hard to soft state. It seems that the corona evolves from dense low-temperature in the LHS to tenuous high-temperature after the state transition, which indicates that the state transition is accompanied by the evolution of the coronal properties.

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A NICER look at the state transitions of the black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its reflares

Cited by 35 publications

References 85 publications

Broad-band spectral study of LMXB black hole candidate 4U 1957+11 with NuSTAR

Broad-band spectral study of LMXB black hole candidate 4U 1957+11 with NuSTAR

Failed-Transition outbursts in Black hole low-mass X-ray binaries

Analysis of the reflection spectra of MAXI J1535-571 in the hard and intermediate states

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