“…Yet, one of the key challenges in water splitting is the development of efficient catalysts for water reduction reactions with low overpotentials, good stability, and high turnover rates [7][8][9]. Therefore, a great deal of research efforts have been devoted to the development of effective catalysts based on earth-abundant metals, and molecular complexes that contain nickel [10,11], cobalt [12][13][14], molybdenum [15] and copper [16][17][18] for the reduction of water to form H2. Nevertheless, despite much progress, major improvements in several areas, including lowering overpotentials, increasing catalyst durability, and using earth-abundant elements, are needed before efficient electro-and photo-catalytic water splitting can be realized.…”