“…On the other hand, semi-analytical methods can be recognized as computationally efficient to model variable stiffness composite structures especially in view of optimization procedure application. In particular, the Rayleigh-Ritz method has been extensively employed to investigate the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of intact variable stiffness plate by Weaver and co-workers [23,24,25,26,27], by Guimares et al [28], by Vescovini and Dozio [29] and by Milazzo and co-workers [30,31,32,33]. Also cracked variable stiffness plates have been investigated for buckling and free vibrations by the eXtended Ritz method [34,35].…”