A Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Ni(OH)₂-CNT-PVDF Composite and Its Application in Measuring Serum Glucose

Abstract

A nano composite film was fabricated by dispersing nano scale Ni(OH) 2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The mophorlogy of the film was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium on the Ni(OH) 2 -CNT-PVDF (NCP) composite modified glass carbon electrode had been investigated. The stability of the composite is confirmed by cyclic voltammetry measurements in sodium hydroxide solution (0.50 M, scan rate 100 mV s −1 ). The NCP composite film maintains the electrocatalytic activity of the nano scale Ni(OH) 2 and is used to fabricate a nonenzymatic biosensor for electrochemical detection of glucose. Amperometric measurements were done with different concentrations of glucose. The NCP glucose sensor has good anti-interference performance toward maltose, fructose, urea, and ascorbic acid. It has wide concentration ranges to glucose. It shows a detection limit of 0.023 mM (S/N = 3) with a wide linear range from 0.25 to 39.26 mM, which is comparable with commercial glucose test strip. In real serum sample, it has a RSD of 2.5%.

Three-Dimensional Porous NiO Nanosheets Vertically Grown on Graphite Disks for Enhanced Performance Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor

“…On the other hand, because the electro-oxidation of glucose consumes a few Ni 3+ , resulting in the decrease of cathodic peak current [5]. In this electro-oxidation process, the detection mechanism could be described as follows [1,12,46]:…”

“…Fast and reliable glucose detecting has been of great importance for biotechnology, clinical diagnostics and food industry and so forth [1,2]. Although various potential approaches including acoustic, fluorescent, optical, electronic, transdermal, electrochemical technologies have been explored for glucose detecting, electrochemical glucose biosensors have attracted much attention due to their high sensitivity, low detection limit and low cost [3][4][5][6].…”

“…Among these materials, NiO has been the focus of research. Obviously, the mechanism of a nonenzymatic glucose sensor is based on direct oxidation of glucose to glucolactone by high valence metal ions on the electrode surface [1,22,30]. Therefore, more exposed electrocatalytic active sites of the active material on the electrode surface should deserve great attention for design of sensors with enhanced performance.…”

“…In previous studies, the electrocatalysts are commonly immobilized on the surface of certain electrodes or substrates by a drop-coating method with the assistance of expensive polymer binders [1,6,28,29,32]. This immobilization strategy has three drawbacks: (1) Polymer binders are inert materials for glucose detecting, which may block the electrocatalytic active sites of the active materials, and thus degrade their electrochemical performance [14]; (2) The catalysts may fall off from the electrode surface during the long-term usage [33]; (3) The existence of polymer binders will greatly reduce the electrical conductivity of the electrode materials [34].…”

Nickel Hydroxide Nanoflowers for a Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor

“…8 Some researches show that nonenzymatic electro-oxidation of glucose is greatly enhanced on Ni based electrode compared to the other electrodes. 19,20 Several kinds of electrodes contained Ni, NiO or Ni(OH) 2 nano-composite had been reported, which showed highly sensitive, selective and extraordinary stable response toward glucose. [21][22][23][24] On the other hand, materials with different morphologies are often associated with varying properties and applications, such as catalysis, batteries, solar energy conversion and gas sensing.…”