A nonenzymatic method for cleaving polysaccharides to yield oligosaccharides for structural analysis

Amicucci, Matthew J.; Nandita, Eshani; Galermo, Ace G.; Castillo, Juan José; Chen, Siyu; Park, Dayoung; Smilowitz, Jennifer T.; German, J. Bruce; Mills, David A.; Lebrilla, Carlito B.

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17778-1

Cited by 68 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Using this method enabled the parallel quantification of α‐glucan and laminarin (Becker et al, 2017) in marine POM for the first time. While there are other methods to analyze the structure of glycans based on derivatization (Price, 2007), partial chemical lysis combined with mass spectrometry (Amicucci et al, 2020), or spectroscopy (Battistel et al, 2014), their glycan‐specific quantification in environmental samples at low concentrations is difficult (Lang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic quantification of α‐glucan in marine particulate organic matter

et al. 2022

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Marine algae drive the marine carbon cycle, converting carbon dioxide into organic material. A major component of this produced biomass is a variety of glycans. Marine α-glucans include a range of storage glycans from red and green algae, bacteria, fungi, and animals. Although these compounds are likely to account for a high amount of the carbon stored in the oceans they have not been quantified in marine samples so far. Here we present a method to extract and quantify α-glucans (and compare it with the β-glucan laminarin) in particulate organic matter from algal cultures and environmental samples using sequential physicochemical extraction and enzymes as α-glucan-specific probes. This enzymatic assay is more specific and less susceptible to side reactions than chemical hydrolysis. Using HPAEC-PAD to detect the hydrolysis products allows for a glycan quantification in particulate marine samples down to a concentration of ≈2 µg/L. We measured glucans in three cultured microalgae as well as in marine particulate organic matter from the North Sea and western North Atlantic Ocean. While the β-glucan laminarin from diatoms and brown algae is an essential component of marine carbon turnover, our results further indicate the significant contribution of starch-like α-glucans to marine particulate organic matter. Henceforth, the combination of glycan-linkage-specific enzymes and chromatographic hydrolysis product detection can provide a powerful tool in the exploration of marine glycans and their role in the global carbon cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic quantification of α‐glucan in marine particulate organic matter

et al. 2022

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“…The process was initiated by a reaction between a metal catalyst, Fe 3+ , and an oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide, to produce reactive radical species that cleave glycosidic bonds. The radicals induce oxidative cleavage of the polysaccharide backbone to produce oligosaccharides that are representative of the parent polysaccharide structure ( 96 ).…”

Section: Primary Structure Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Elucidation, Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides in Chinese Herbs: A Review

et al. 2022

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Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides, which are widely found in Chinese herbs and work as one of the important active ingredients. Its biological activity is attributed to its complex chemical structure with diverse spatial conformations. However, the structural elucidation is the foundation but a bottleneck problem because the majority of CHPs are heteropolysaccharides with more complex structures. Similarly, the studies on the relationship between structure and function of CHPs are even more scarce. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of CHPs. Meanwhile, we reviewed the structural elucidation strategies and some new progress especially in the advanced structural analysis methods. The characteristics and applicable scopes of various methods are compared to provide reference for selecting the most efficient method and developing new hyphenated techniques. Additionally, the principle structural modification methods of CHPs and their effects on activity are summarized. The shortcomings, potential breakthroughs, and developing directions of the study of CHPs are discussed. We hope to provide a reference for further research and promote the application of CHPs.

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“…During the same time, access to electricity has increased threefold 7 and the percentage of the African population in urban settings has increased from 31% to 41% (ref. 8 ). It is the combined efforts from the scientific community, leadership across the world and socioeconomic development that have contributed to a public health success story and a great return on global health investment.…”

Section: A Golden Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria: a problem to be solved and a time to be bold

Alonso

2021

Nat Med

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are based in part on measurements of the state of development of the gut microbial community.Although that envisioned approach for evaluating MDCFs brings a microbial and 'multi-omics' perspective to human-nutrition research, it presents a variety of challenges for organizations such as the WHO and UNICEF that formulate recommendations for treating malnourished children. These challenges include balancing a desire to aggregate children over broad age ranges (e.g., from 6 months to 24 or even 36 months) on the basis of their anthropometric scores with the inevitably more stratified view of human biology that is revealed when co-development of the microbiome and host is considered; how this balancing act is negotiated could have substantial therapeutic and policy implications 11 . A list of other considerations for MDCF development that are related to science and technology, social and cultural considerations, and policy and governance is provided (Table 1).Research and development in this area needs to be incentivized in ways that ensure equitable and widespread distribution of the fruits of such efforts. A promising system developed by Nutriset, the largest manufacturer of ready-to-use foods for malnourished children globally, relies on a franchise model that provides local stakeholders the intellectual property, tools and expertise to produce its therapeutic foods 5 . Such a model leverages patent protection to create financial incentives for local manufacturers by effectively making intellectual property inaccessible to large manufacturing companies in high-income countries that could potentially monopolize production. Although focusing on local production may sacrifice short-term economies of scale for sustainability, a campaign to develop and deploy MDCFs must include long-term strategies for developing nations to achieve nutritional autonomy 12 .Looking ahead, it is important to determine whether microbiome-directed therapeutic foods can be developed for women of childbearing age to maximize their nutritional health, minimize low birth weight in their offspring and help break the vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition. Additionally, can knowledge gained from identifying foods that repair the microbiome of children with malnutrition also be used to identify a temporal sequence of complementary foods that prevent failed microbial community development and thus promote healthy growth? These questions lie at the base of a new kind of food pyramid that considers the gut microbiome as part of nutrition itself.

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A nonenzymatic method for cleaving polysaccharides to yield oligosaccharides for structural analysis

Cited by 68 publications

References 70 publications

Biocatalytic quantification of α‐glucan in marine particulate organic matter

Biocatalytic quantification of α‐glucan in marine particulate organic matter

Structural Elucidation, Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides in Chinese Herbs: A Review

Malaria: a problem to be solved and a time to be bold

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