A noninvasive oral rinse assay to monitor engraftment, neutrophil tissue delivery and susceptibility to infection following HSCT in pediatric patients

The Prospective Oral Mucositis Audit: relationship of severe oral mucositis with clinical and medical resource use outcomes in patients receiving high-dose melphalan or BEAM-conditioning chemotherapy and autologous SCT

“…[20][21][22][23] Although some investigators have failed to find a link between OM and neutropenia, 5,24 Rapoport et al 25 noted that duration of neutropenia was a risk factor for OM and the severity of OM has been linked to the degree of neutropenia. 26 Oral neutrophil kinetic studies (using mouth rinses) in patients recovering from profound neutropenia have demonstrated that neutrophils are present in the tissues before peripheral neutrophil counts recover, 21,27,28 consistent with their important role in mucosal defence and repair. A study in the BMT setting found that neutrophil levels in mouth rinses decreased to undetectable levels during the neutropenic period, but recovered 1-2 and 3-9 days before peripheral neutrophil counts reached 0.1 and 1.0 Â 10 9 /l, respectively, regardless of whether or not patients received granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support.…”

“…Moreover, the time span between oral and peripheral neutrophil recovery was inversely related to the number of infection-related febrile episodes occurring after peripheral engraftment. 27 Duration of severe OM was associated with the duration of hospitalization, and development of severe OM prolonged the hospital stay by 2.3 days (P ¼ 0.013) in MM patients. However, fever and infection were cofactors in prolonging hospitalization.…”

Effect of rapamycin on early stage apoptosis of neutrophils in Sprague-Dawley rats with acute lung injury

“…The inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI. It has been proposed that activated neutrophils in the lungs have an unusually prolonged half-life of 8 h due to delayed phagocytosis (or apoptosis) by macrophages (11). In a septic patient, this delay appears to be related to the severity of sepsis since a progressive decrease in neutrophil apoptosis has been associated with the increased severity of sepsis (12).…”

Saliva as a Diagnostic Medium

“…This indirectly drew attention to the significance of neutrophils in the healing of salivary lesions. These authors consider the presence of neutrophils in saliva to be evidence of "saturating" tissue with neutrophils and on that basis they hypothesised that the time interval for bone marrow graft's incorporation is directly proportional to the saturation of the tissue with neutrophils and that the individual in question will have a lower susceptibility to infectious complications 21 . Lieschke et al point to a steep rise in neutrophils after administering growth factors (G-CSF) in both blood and saliva which again proves their interdependence 22 .…”

“…Gorgun et al 20 confirmed Wright's conclusions and also reported that the level of neutrophils in saliva drops during myeloablative treatment to zero one day later than in the blood and conversely rises (1-2 days) earlier than the level of neutrophils in the blood. Cheretakise et al 21 determined the level of neutrophils Saliva as a diagnostic medium indicating the graft's incorporation after a bone marrow transplant as 0.25 × 104/ml. In a group of 29 patients, they found a rise in level of neutrophils in saliva earlier than that in the peripheral blood.…”