“…A convenient way to represent them is to use the well-known Freeman chain code [1,2] which encodes the contour by a word w on the four letter alphabet Σ = {a, b, a, b}, corresponding to the unit displacements in the four directions (right, up, left, down) on a square grid. Among the many problems that have been considered in the literature, we mention : computations of statistics such as area, moment of inertia [3,4], digital convexity [5,6,7], and tiling of the plane by translation [8,9]. All of the above mentioned problems are solved by using algorithms that are linear in the length of the contour word, but often it is assumed that the path encoded by this word does not intersect itself.…”