A Note on Fuelbeds and Fire Behavior in Alang-Alang (Imperata Cylindrica)

Pickford, Stewart G.; Suharti, M.; Wibowo, Adi

doi:10.1071/wf9920041

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Peatlands occur over large contiguous areas in both countries (Dymond et al 2004), whereas grass occurs in small patches scattered on the landscape. These are the most critical fuel types in both countries because of the high level of emissions coming from peatland fires causing haze (Levine 1999), the wide distribution of grass in plantations (Pickford et al 1992) and open areas, and the high proportion of grassland area burnt (Siegert et al 2001). Heavy fuel loads of moist tropical grasslands and frequent dry periods causing high flammability can create situations in which it is difficult to control grassland fires because of fire intensity.…”

Section: Regional Fdrs Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fire starting in these fuel types under dry conditions and moderate winds can spread quickly through the fine fuel component. High grass fuel loads in this region (Pickford et al 1992) and fast rates of fire spread driven by moderate winds contribute directly to high fire intensity (Byram 1959). Stott et al (1990) have estimated fire intensity in Southeast Asian savannahs at 2000-5000 kW / m, a level much higher than can be controlled by well-equipped fire crews (Alexander and de Groot 1988).…”

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire danger class boundaries (low, moderate, high, extreme) were defined using thresholds of fire control based on quantitative fire intensity limits (kW / m) for different suppression resources (Table 3), similar to Alexander and de Groot (1988). Using a standard fuel load of 1.8 kg/m 2 (Pickford et al 1992) and a cured level of 65%, the FBP System was used to determine ISI levels that corresponded a Based on a total grass fuel load of 1.8 kg/m 2 , grass being 65% cured, and associated rates of fire spread b Based on regional fire weather data, 1994-2000 (excluding 1999) c Fire control limits are interpreted from head fire intensity and suppression capabilities described by Alexander and de Groot (1988) to the fire intensity limits of Table 3. Although 65% cured is slightly higher than reported by Pickford et al (1992), it is representative of the higher rates found in the grass moisture study at drier times during the year.…”

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a standard fuel load of 1.8 kg/m 2 (Pickford et al 1992) and a cured level of 65%, the FBP System was used to determine ISI levels that corresponded a Based on a total grass fuel load of 1.8 kg/m 2 , grass being 65% cured, and associated rates of fire spread b Based on regional fire weather data, 1994-2000 (excluding 1999) c Fire control limits are interpreted from head fire intensity and suppression capabilities described by Alexander and de Groot (1988) to the fire intensity limits of Table 3. Although 65% cured is slightly higher than reported by Pickford et al (1992), it is representative of the higher rates found in the grass moisture study at drier times during the year. In North America, ISI values ≥ 10 are considered high, but these high levels rarely occur in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian Fire Danger Rating Systems

Groot

Field

Brady

et al. 2006

Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change

136

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Forest and land fires in Southeast Asia have many social, economic, and environmental impacts. Tropical peatland fires affect global carbon dynamics, and haze from peat fires has serious negative impacts on the regional economy and human health. To mitigate these fire-related problems, forest and land management agencies require an early warning system to assist them in implementing fire prevention and management plans before fire problems begin. Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) were developed for Indonesia and Malaysia to provide early warning of the potential for serious fire and haze events. In particular, they identify time periods when fires can readily start and spread to become uncontrolled fires and time periods when smoke from smouldering fires will cause an unacceptably high level of haze. The FDRS were developed by adapting components of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System, including the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System and the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System, to local vegetation, climate, and fire regime conditions. A smoke potential indicator was developed using the Drought Code (DC) of the FWI System. Historical air quality analysis showed that the occurrence of severe haze events increased substantially when DC was above 400. An ignition potential indicator was developed using the Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) of the FWI System. Historical hot spot analysis, grass moisture, and grass ignition studies showed that fire occurrence and the ability for grass fires to start and spread dramatically increased when FFMC > 82. The Initial Spread Index (ISI) of the FWI System was used to develop a difficulty of control indicator for grassland fires, a fuel type that can exhibit high rates of spread and fire intensity. This ISI-based indicator was developed using the grass fuel model of the FBP System, along with a standard grass fuel load and curing level estimated from previous Indonesian studies. Very high fire intensity is expected in grasslands when ISI ≥ 6. To provide early warning, the FDRS identifies classes of increasing fire danger as the FFMC, DC, and ISI approach these key threshold values. The Indonesian FDRS is now operated nationally at the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical Agency. The Malaysian Meteorological Service operates the Malaysian FDRS and displays regional outputs for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The FDRS are being used by forestry, agriculture, environment, and fire and rescue agencies to develop and implement fire prevention, detection, and suppression plans.

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Section: Regional Fdrs Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Spread Index and Difficulty Of Control In Grasslandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian Fire Danger Rating Systems

Groot

Field

Brady

et al. 2006

Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change

136

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show abstract

“…Since grassland is the most flammable, prevalent and frequently burned fuel type in Malaysia, DoC was calibrated to Malaysia conditions using grass as the standard fuel type. This was accomplished using standard grass fuel parameters for Southeast Asia (Pickford et al 1992), regional fire weather data (1994-1998 and 2000), predicted fire behaviour for the O-1b standing grass fuel type of the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP) System (Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group 1992) and interpreted fire control limits described by Alexander and de Groot (1988).…”

Section: Geocarto International 297mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial modelling of wildland fire danger for risk analysis and conflict resolution in Malaysia: linking Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) with Wildfire Threat Rating Systems (WTRS)

Assilzadeh

Groot

Levy

2012

Geocarto International

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This study provides a comprehensive framework to mitigate or prevent forest and land (or wildland) fire disaster in Malaysia. This system supports emergency response and preparedness for wildland fire by means of integrated modelling, monitoring and mapping of fire danger. In this framework, multi-sensor applications for monitoring fire danger and fire activity are linked with decision-aid models in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to generate information required for wildland fire management. Using a customized version of the spatial Fire Management System software, components of the Malaysia Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS) are calculated to provide fire weather, fire behaviour and wildfire threat information. Wildfire threat ratings (WTRs) are assessed on the basis of fire occurrence risk, potential fire behaviour, suppression capability and values at risk. Outputs from the Malaysia FDRS were integrated with hotspots extracted from remote sensing data to generate combined maps of active fire locations, fire danger, potential fire behaviour and uncontrolled wildland fire (or wildfire) threat. In case of wildfire, remotely sensed data were also used to generate wildfire affected area and emergency response maps for emergency management. The system architecture and application models for wildfire analysis, which aid decision-making components for wildfire mitigation and relief, are described. These include early warning of fire, risk analysis, damage assessment and emergency response analysis. This article provides the first documentation of a national, operational system linking fire danger rating with socio-economic values, as defined by the WTR models, to guide fire and rescue decision-making during wildfire events. It is finally shown how the proposed system can reduce the risk of fire management disputes in Malaysia by directing the conflict to a more favourable resolution.

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Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science

Suzuki¹,

Ishii²,

Sakurai³

et al. 2006

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is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com f^A I PRINTED WITH I Printing and binding: Nikkei Printing, Japan L^I|^JNKJ.. PrefaceThis book is intended to be a record of the Biotechnology-Assisted Re/Afforestation Project in the Asia-Pacific Region (BIO-REFOR) since 1992, conducted in cooperation with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (lUFRO). The purpose of the project is to promote exchanges of information of fundamental research on indigenous species in the Asia-Pacific Region in order to restore natural forests.The production, cultivation, and maintenance of forest tree species provide highly sustainable production systems that conserve soils, the microenvironment, and biodiversity The key technology for biomass production of forests is propagation via micropropagation or traditional propagation. However, there are many recalcitrant species among useful forest trees to be propagated in large numbers. Recent advances in mycorrhizal technology and in vitro culture have made it possible to commercially propagate useful trees for re/afforestation.In this book, comprehensive information is provided on propagation, mycorrhizal inoculation, and reforestation of economically and environmentally important forest trees, information that usually is available only in widely scattered resources. Here, we include a wide area of the ecology and physiology of dipterocarps as a general overview, and then cover propagation techniques, mycorrhizal symbiosis, man-made forests, and biodiversity in the Asia-Pacific region.Our purpose is to provide information on the progress being made in biotechnology-assisted re/afforestation. In vitro culture combined with mycorrhizal inoculation has become a powerful tool for large-scale increases in forest trees, conservation of biodiversity, and reforestation-comprehensive information that until now has been difficult to find in one volume. This compilation provides a valuable resource for scientists, students, policy makers, and industrialists concerned with reforestation.

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A Note on Fuelbeds and Fire Behavior in Alang-Alang (Imperata Cylindrica)

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian Fire Danger Rating Systems

Development of the Indonesian and Malaysian Fire Danger Rating Systems

Spatial modelling of wildland fire danger for risk analysis and conflict resolution in Malaysia: linking Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) with Wildfire Threat Rating Systems (WTRS)

Plantation Technology in Tropical Forest Science

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