A note on the coefficient of viscosity of pure molten 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Parry, M. A.; Billon, H. H.

doi:10.1007/bf01337463

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Melt-cast explosive suspensions are solid–liquid two-phase mixtures. Generally, the liquid phase exhibits a Newtonian viscous behavior [ 3 , 42 , 43 ]. However, when the solid phase is dispersed in the liquid phase, the resultant melt-cast explosive suspensions usually exhibit a non-Newtonian (shear thinning) viscous behavior [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of DNP/HMX Melt-Cast Explosives with Bimodal and Trimodal Particle-Size Distributions

Xie

Zhang

Jiang³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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As a matrix for melt-cast explosives, 3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP) is a promising alternative to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, the viscosity of molten DNP is considerably greater compared with that of TNT, thus, requiring the viscosity of DNP-based melt-cast explosive suspensions to be minimized. In this paper, the apparent viscosity of a DNP/HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) melt-cast explosive suspension is measured using a Haake Mars III rheometer. Both bimodal and trimodal particle-size distributions are used to minimize the viscosity of this explosive suspension. First, the optimal diameter ratio and mass ratio (two crucial process parameters) between coarse and fine particles are obtained from the bimodal particle-size distribution. Second, based on the optimal diameter ratio and mass ratio, trimodal particle-size distributions are used to further minimize the apparent viscosity of the DNP/HMX melt-cast explosive suspension. Finally, for either the bimodal or trimodal particle-size distribution, if the original data between the apparent viscosity and solid content are normalized, the resultant plot of the relative viscosity versus reduced solid content collapses to a single curve, and the effect of the shear rate on this curve is further investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of DNP/HMX Melt-Cast Explosives with Bimodal and Trimodal Particle-Size Distributions

Xie

Zhang

Jiang³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…For TNT, A=2.78, B=-2810 and C=7.8 -105 . We have recently shown that these values are in error [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow behaviour of molten 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) between concentric cylinders

Parry

Billon

1990

Rheol Acta

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Abstract." The flow behaviour of pure and commercial molten TNT when subjected to very high rates of shear in a rotational viscometer over the temperature range 82.0 to 95.4 °C is presented. All data obtained suggest that the behaviour of molten TNT is Newtonian, contrary to the conclusions of some published work, and the temperature dependence of the viscosity of pure TNT is adequately described by an Arrhenius-type relationship of the form ~/= A e B/T where A = 0.000541, B = 3570 and T is the Kelvin temperature. A similar relationship is obtained for commercial TNT. Under some instrumental conditions discontinuities are seen in the shear stress-shear rate flow curves. An analysis of these discontinuities shows them to be caused by the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. Possible implications for processibility and initiation of explosives are discussed.

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“…The rheological behavior of melt-cast explosives has been explored to some extent in previous work, especially for trinitrotoluene-based (TNT-based) melt-cast explosives. The general qualitative law for the rheological behavior of TNT-based melt-cast explosives can be summarized as follows: (1) Molten TNT is similar to a Newtonian fluid [1][2][3], whereas TNT-based melt-cast explosive suspensions are generally shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) fluids [4][5][6]. (2) The viscosity of the suspensions increases with increasing solid content [4,[7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of DNAN/HMX Melt‐Cast Explosives

Zhu

Zhou

Zhang

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Understanding the rheological behavior of meltcast explosives is critical for manufacturing melt-cast explosive charges. The research presented herein systematically investigates the rheological behavior of 2,4-dinitroanisole/tetramethylenetetranitra-mine (DNAN/HMX) melt-cast explosive suspensions. The rheological characteristics were measured using a Haake Mars III rheometer. In general, the DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive suspensions underwent shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) and were strongly affected by solid content, particle size (unimodal distribution), particle gradation (bimodal or multimodal distribution), particle morphology, temperature, and chemical additives. The subsequent measurements and analysis provide important contextual information for designing formulations of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives.

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A note on the coefficient of viscosity of pure molten 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Rheological Behavior of DNP/HMX Melt-Cast Explosives with Bimodal and Trimodal Particle-Size Distributions

Rheological Behavior of DNP/HMX Melt-Cast Explosives with Bimodal and Trimodal Particle-Size Distributions

Flow behaviour of molten 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) between concentric cylinders

Rheological Behavior of DNAN/HMX Melt‐Cast Explosives

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