A note on the consumption of water by the growing pig at several environmental temperatures and levels of feeding

Mount, L. E.; Holmes, C. W.; Close, W. H.; Morrison, Steven; Start, I. B.

doi:10.1017/s000335610001076x

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, it was added oil in the pig diets of the cold phase to reduce the total feed intake as explained by some authors (Miyada, 1999). The water-to-feed ratio obtained at experiment, with the exception of NI farms, were similar to the highest value of the range reported in the literature for thermoneutral conditions À 2.2-4.4 L kg À 1 (Mount et al, 1971;Crumby, 1986;Miyawaki et al, 1994;Turner et al, 1999;Ange et al, 2000). The NRC (1998) recommended a minimum water-to-feed ratio of 2.0 for pigs between 20 and 90 kg of BW.…”

Section: Animal Water Disappearancesupporting

confidence: 83%

The water disappearance and manure production at commercial growing-finishing pig farms

et al. 2014

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Section: Animal Water Disappearancesupporting

confidence: 83%

The water disappearance and manure production at commercial growing-finishing pig farms

et al. 2014

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“…When water is freely available, pigs drink periodically. Results from preliminary observations, with water freely available, confirmed the observations of Mount, Holmes, Close, Morrison & Start, (1971) that even under stable conditions of temperature and food availability, such as those found in a calorimeter, there is a large day-to-day variation in the water intake of growing pigs. Growing pigs are also able to tolerate considerable imposed variations in their daily water: feed ratio, with no significant effect on productive performance (Barber, Braude & Mitchell, 1963;Holme & Robinson, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The growing pig provides a useful subject for studying problems of the interaction between temperature (Mount, et al 1971;Ingram & Stephens, 1979), regimes of feeding (Stephens, Ingram & Sharman, 1983) and water consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Availability on Plasma Protein and Sodium Concentration, Haematocrit and Plasma Osmolality in the Pig

Stephens

1985

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYEighteen young growing pigs of the Large White breed were housed in individual pens or metabolism stands and habituated to drinking their water from a bowl. Those housed in the metabolism stands were surgically fitted with a catheter placed in the jugular vein to allow collection of blood samples. The voluntary intake of water after periods of progressively increasing water deprivation was measured. The measurements were made by allowing the pigs to drink to satiety after either a 2, 4, 8, 12 or 18 h period of water deprivation. Voluntary water intake was a function of the duration of water withdrawal and the rate of intake increased with progressive deprivation. Changes in plasma concentration of sodium and protein, haematocrit and osmolality could be detected after 12 and 18 h of dehydration. The progressive changes in plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]), osmolality, protein concentration and haematocrit during adaptation to dehydration when water was withheld for 72 h were examined in six pigs. Using a technique of continuous blood sampling, the rapid changes in the same blood parameters during rehydration, when water was made freely available at the end of the 72 h period, were also monitored. The [Na+] and osmolality dropped precipitously following the onset of drinking. From the 15 min stage to the 4 h stage with water available ad libitum, the values of both parameters remained below their control levels. However, the plasma protein concentration and the haematocrit values remained significantly above their pre-dehydration control levels up to the 4 h stage, even with water freely available, thus showing that drinking stopped even though the extracellular fluid phase remained dehydrated. Only with food available did the blood measures return to normal. It is concluded that the cellular fluid phase forms an integral part of the mechanisms involved in the termination of drinking in the pig.

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“…However, as water is essential for various physiological functions including digestion and nutrient utilization (NRC 1998;Thacker 2001), its availability will certainly impact on VFI of pigs. Also, through its role in body temperature regulation, it can be speculated that availability of drinking water will have an impact on VFI via mitigation of temperature effects on VFI (Mount et al 1971;Nienaber and Hahn 1984). The water:feed ratio that optimizes pig performance is poorly defined as revised but there is likely a minimum ratio below which performance will be negatively impacted (Mroz et al 1995).…”

Section: Ii57 Availability Of Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

Nyachoti

Zijlstra²,

Lange³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

148

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A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 549-566. The ability of pigs to consume sufficient nutrients for optimal performance is an important consideration in commercial pork production. Nutrient intake levels are directly related to voluntary feed intake. Voluntary feed intake in pigs is influenced by several factors including environmental conditions (e.g. thermal and social conditions), animal status (e.g., age and physiological status), and feed and feeding conditions (e.g. bulkiness of the feed and feed form). Although the individual effects of many of these factors on voluntary feed intake have been investigated and quantified, little has been done to characterize their interactive effects. Under commercial conditions, voluntary feed intake is clearly influenced by multiple factors at any one time. Thus, there is a need for a means to accurately quantify voluntary feed intake in pigs as affected by the different interacting factors. Until quantitative effects of these interactions are established it is suggested that feed intake be monitored. This can be achieved by obtaining feed intake on representative groups of pigs.

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A note on the consumption of water by the growing pig at several environmental temperatures and levels of feeding

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

The water disappearance and manure production at commercial growing-finishing pig farms

The water disappearance and manure production at commercial growing-finishing pig farms

Effects of Water Availability on Plasma Protein and Sodium Concentration, Haematocrit and Plasma Osmolality in the Pig

Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions

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