A novel 96.5Sn3Cu0.5Mn nanosolder with enhanced wettability applied to nanosoldering of WO₃ nanomaterial

Abstract

Nano-soldering relying on a sacrificial nanosolder, is a flexible interconnection technique, having promising applications in joining nanosized functional materials; that is an essential step in the assembly of nano-devices. In a soldering, the wettability is important in the bonding of two nanomaterial, which determines the quality of the junction. Tungsten trioxide nanomaterial has unique characteristics such as electro-, opto-, gaso-chromic. To assemble this nanomaterial into functional nano-devices, a superior nanosolder is necessary. The conventional SnCu nanosolder has been chosen, but its wetting on WO 3 is unsatisfactory. Here, our study indicates that the SnCu wettability on WO 3 material has been improved greatly by adding minor manganese, in which the contact angle has a significant change from 73.2°to 41.7°. Then the wetting mechanism is investigated by observing the soldering interface. Lastly, a more robust and higher-reliable junction has been obtained by thermal soldering two individual WO 3 nanoobjects into a cross-shaped pattern.

Rapid in situ wetting measurement for nanosolder by electron beam irradiation

“…Many interconnection techniques have emerged [3,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14], among which the nanosoldering has shown great promise as it can use a nanosolder as filler material to accomplish an interconnection without detrimental effects on the original nano-objects [8,15]. Some kinds of nanoscale solders have been developed to meet the demand for nanosoldering applications, such as Sn, SnCu, SnAu, SnIn, SnCuAg, SnCuMn nanosolders [15][16][17][18][19][20], etc. In this technique, nanosolders melt through reflow process and then wet nanomaterials to be joined to form electrical contacts, thereby accomplishing the assembly of functional nanodevices [8,15,17].…”

“…By mimicking bulk solder, the reflow furnace has been first used to study the nanosolder's wettability. Peng et al and Gao et al reflowed Sn and Sn-based nanosolders on substrates by furnace heating with the usage of flux, respectively, showing that the nanosolders underwent a complete morphological transition from nanowires to spheres, and contact angles of the reflowed nanosolders on substrates were obtained [20,27]. Recently, electron beam irradiation (EBI) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Joule heating from electrical currents and laser irradiation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been developed to reflow nanosolder [8,9,20].…”

“…Peng et al and Gao et al reflowed Sn and Sn-based nanosolders on substrates by furnace heating with the usage of flux, respectively, showing that the nanosolders underwent a complete morphological transition from nanowires to spheres, and contact angles of the reflowed nanosolders on substrates were obtained [20,27]. Recently, electron beam irradiation (EBI) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Joule heating from electrical currents and laser irradiation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been developed to reflow nanosolder [8,9,20]. Among them, EBI-induced reflow in TEM is a promising method because of its ability to produce thermal energy in areas with nanoscale precision and to in situ visually observe the whole reflow process, its controllable electron beam energy and high-efficiency, which has been widely used in testing nanosolders reflow [17,20].…”

“…Recently, electron beam irradiation (EBI) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Joule heating from electrical currents and laser irradiation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been developed to reflow nanosolder [8,9,20]. Among them, EBI-induced reflow in TEM is a promising method because of its ability to produce thermal energy in areas with nanoscale precision and to in situ visually observe the whole reflow process, its controllable electron beam energy and high-efficiency, which has been widely used in testing nanosolders reflow [17,20].…”

Manganese‐Based Nanozymes: Preparation, Catalytic Mechanisms, and Biomedical Applications

“…Among various materials as nanozymes, Mn is a multivalent transition metal and is commonly found in the following valence states Mn (II), Mn (III), Mn (IV), Mn (V), Mn (VI), and Mn (VII). Mn-based nanomaterials feature easy preparation, low cost, environment friendly, and excellent physicochemical properties, enabling them to be widely used in materials, [23] electronics, [24] environmental protection, [25] and biomedical fields. [26] At the same time, as Mn is one of the essential elements in the human body, it is a biocompatible element that plays a physiological role, [21] which allows Mn-based materials for significant applications in the biomedical field.…”