A novel approach to recovery of lithium element and production of holey graphene based on the lithiated graphite of spent lithium ion batteries

Zhang, Jiakui; Yu, Lei; Lin, Zhiping; Xie, Peiran; Lu, Haifei; Xu, Jiantie

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135011

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…We list comparison to other similar recent work which was shown in Table S2. [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Compared with other processes, the graphite anode recovered by our method shows higher ICE, almost full recovery of capacity, very low cost, and short time consumption. This method is a cost-effective reported method for anode regeneration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultra‐fast, low‐cost, and green regeneration of graphite anode using flash joule heating method

Dong

Song

Yao

et al. 2022

EcoMat

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Graphite is the state-of-the-art anode material for most commercial lithiumion batteries. Currently, graphite in the spent batteries is generally directly burned, which caused not only CO 2 emission but also a waste of precious carbon resources. In this study, we regenerate graphite in lithium-ion batteries at the end of life with excellent electrochemical properties using the fast, efficient, and green Flash Joule Heating method (FJH). Through our own developed equipment, under constant pressure and air atmosphere, graphite is rapidly regenerated in 0.1 s without pollutants emission. We perform a detailed analysis of graphite material before and after recovery by multiple means of characterization and find that the regenerated graphite displays electrochemical properties nearly the same as new graphite. FJH provides a large current for defect repair and crystal structure reconstruction in graphite, as well as allowing the SEI coating to be removed during ultra-fast annealing. The electric field guide the conductive agent and binder pyrolysis products to form conductive sheet graphene and curly graphene covering the graphite surface, making the recycled graphite even better than new commercial graphite in terms of electrical conductivity. Regenerated graphite has excellent multiplier performance and cycle performance (350 mAh g À1 at 1 C with a capacity retention of 99% after 500 cycles). At cost, we get recycled graphite that displays the same performance as new graphite, costing just 77 CNY per ton. This FJH method is not only universal for the regeneration of spent graphite generated by various devices but also enables multiple use-failure-regeneration steps of graphite, showing great potential for commercial applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ultra‐fast, low‐cost, and green regeneration of graphite anode using flash joule heating method

Dong

Song

Yao

et al. 2022

EcoMat

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“…The leachate of deionized water can be directly and simply evaporated to obtain Li 2 CO 3 . 258,281 The good microwave absorption ability of the LIB anodes can make the binder and electrolyte in SG volatilize rapidly in the microwave field, thus making the SG powder effectively separated from the copper foil. In addition, microwave radiation also makes the remaining lithium in SG form Li 2 CO 3 , which can be leached with water under CO 2 , and then heated for extraction, and lithiumcontaining wastewater can also be recycled to leach lithium.…”

Section: Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…264,287 The prepared graphene could be used as a cathode catalyst for rechargeable lithium-oxygen batteries with a maximum discharge capacity of 7084 mA h g À1 and long cycle stability for over 80 cycles. 258 Due to the presence of some oxygen-containing groups and structural defects in the anode graphite, the consumption of concentrated H 2 SO 4 and KMnO 4 is 40% and about 28.6% less than that of graphene prepared from natural graphite, respectively. 288 Graphene oxides have good prospects to be prepared as efficient catalysts by modification or can be reduced to graphene.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Lin

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

130

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“…Graphene has been widely studied for its high electrical conductivity, high modulus of elasticity, and creep resistance. Due to the high degree of oxidation of spent graphite, the preparation of graphene oxide from spent graphite can reduce the consumption of KMnO 4 and H 2 SO 4 [142,143] . Yu et al [135] converted the 3D spent graphite to 2D graphene oxide by modified Hummers method (Figure 9a).…”

Section: Recovery Of Anode and Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges on Recycling the Electrode and Electrolyte Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Wu¹,

Xu²

2022

MatLab

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as the advanced power batteries with comprehensive performance, have widely used in electric vehicles (EVs), military equipment, aerospace, consumer electronics, and other fields. With the surge in demand for LIBs, the number of spent LIBs has increased rapidly. However, if the spent LIBs just are simply landfilled, the hazardous components contained in them such as heavy metals and organic electrolytes will pollute the environment, and ultimately threaten human health. In addition, some valuable components will be wasted by landfill, especially high-value metal elements contained in cathode. Thus, the recycling of spent LIBs is a “two birds with one stone” strategy which is not only beneficial to environmental protection but also has high economic value. Accordingly, great efforts have been made to develop efficient and cost-effective recycling processes for spent LIBs recovery. In line with the recycling process, this review first presents a series of pretreatment progresses (disassembling, inactivation, dismantling, and separation) and discusses the problems and challenges involved (automation, environmental protection, and cost, etc.). Second, we summarize and discuss the current recovery and regeneration technologies for cathode materials, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry. In addition, advances in the recovery of anode and electrolyte are also introduced. Finally, based on the current state of recycling, we cautiously make some suggestions and prospects for the future recycling of spent LIBs, with a view to providing more ideas for the recycling of used LIBs.

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A novel approach to recovery of lithium element and production of holey graphene based on the lithiated graphite of spent lithium ion batteries

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Ultra‐fast, low‐cost, and green regeneration of graphite anode using flash joule heating method

Ultra‐fast, low‐cost, and green regeneration of graphite anode using flash joule heating method

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Advances and Challenges on Recycling the Electrode and Electrolyte Materials in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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