A Novel Approach to the Treatment and Prevention of Laminitis: Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Laminitis

Carter, Daniel W.; Renfroe, J. Ben

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2009.05.008

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The use of BoNT/A1 in cosmetics was approved for the first time by the FDA in 2002. There is also an increasing use of BoNT for the treatment of a variety of animal pathologies, including the rather common horse laminitis and dog prostate disorders ( Chuang et al, 2006 ; Lin et al, 2007 ; Carter and Ben Renfroe, 2009 ; Hardeman et al, 2013 ). In addition, one can foresee that novel therapeutic BoNTs will be identified by analyzing the biologic properties of the large number of known BoNTs and of those that are being discovered.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

et al. 2017

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The study of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) is rapidly progressing in many aspects. Novel BoNTs are being discovered owing to next generation sequencing, but their biologic and pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. The molecular structure of the large protein complexes that the toxin forms with accessory proteins, which are included in some BoNT type A1 and B1 pharmacological preparations, have been determined. By far the largest effort has been dedicated to the testing and validation of BoNTs as therapeutic agents in an ever increasing number of applications, including pain therapy. BoNT type A1 has been also exploited in a variety of cosmetic treatments, alone or in combination with other agents, and this specific market has reached the size of the one dedicated to the treatment of medical syndromes. The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein interactions and are stimulating basic science studies. Moreover, the wide array of BoNTs discovered and to be discovered and the production of recombinant BoNTs endowed with specific properties suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing disease/symptom specifity. These recent developments are reviewed here to provide an updated picture of the biologic mechanism of action of BoNTs, of their increasing use in pharmacology and in cosmetics, and of their toxicology.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

et al. 2017

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“…Botulinum toxin type A has been used to treat horses with laminitis, 25 stringhalt, 26 and carpal synovitis. 27 In contrast, BTXB has only been used experimentally in horses to decrease anal sphincter tone.…”

Section: Effects Of Intrabursal Administration Of Botulinum Toxin Typ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B on lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus

Gutierrez‐Nibeyro

Santos

White

et al. 2014

ajvr

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“…Horses demonstrated no additional signs of systemic disease during the testing period. Peak treatment effects were assumed to be exhibited on D+3 based on previous studies ( Carter and Renfroe, 2013 ; Hardeman et al, 2013 ; Wijnberg et al, 2013 ). No visual signs of lameness were observed between treatments and no horses became non-weight-bearing during the testing period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Days were compared along with fore- and hindlimb primary signal fluctuations (true first hoof contact or last break-over). Days D−4, D+3, and D+124 were based on previous treatment models validated by Carter and Renfroe (2013) , Wijnberg et al (2013) , and Hardeman et al (2013) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor analysis and initial assessment of detectable first hoof contacts and last break-overs as unique signal fluctuations for equine gait analysis

Atkins

Pond

Madsen

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of the control study was to assess 2 prominent fluctuations in a single optical signal as being either a true first hoof contact or a last break-over based on descriptive measures. The study builds on initial findings from a preliminary investigation of the embedded-optical-base system’s (EOBS) capabilities in signal capturing and feasibility as potential alternative to existing gait technologies, such as piezoelectric (e.g., load cell) systems. Hoof contacts and break-overs were measured (0 to 1 au; arbitrary units) using a 2.4-m (length) × 0.9-m (width) platform containing 1 EOBS. Three mixed-breed horses (n = 3) were injected with saline or either 100 IU or 200 IU Botox (i.e., onabotulinumtoxinA) with a 2.5-mL final volume. Injections were made into the deep digital flexor muscle at the motor end plates, with electromyography and ultrasound guidance. Horses were observed for 3 time points (pre-, post-, and recovery test days) over the span of a 4-mo period. Signal fluctuations [i.e., amplitude of hoof impacts based on true first hoof contacts (ΔSTS) and true last break-overs (ΔSTL)] and kinematics [i.e., complete gait pass (CGP) time duration (T)] were recorded from each horse. Visual observations and video analysis were used for determining gait pattern categories. Individual horse measurements were analyzed for each trial, compared with video data and classified. Comparison of primary signal fluctuations (i.e., ΔSTS vs. ΔSTL; forelimb vs. hindlimb) exhibited significant differences between hoof contacts and break-overs (P < 0.05). Right and left forelimb hoof contacts and hindlimb break-overs were not significantly different (P = 0.966; 0.063 ± 0.135; Estimate ± SE; P = 0.606; 0.176 ± 0.142; Estimate ± SE, respectively). Additionally, treatment vs. saline forelimbs did not exhibit significant difference (P = 0.7407; −0.098 ± 0.279; Estimate ± SE). Overall, data showed that the EOBS can collect repeatable and unique primary signal fluctuations as prominent and different gait measurements providing evidence to further development and research of the sensing system.

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A Novel Approach to the Treatment and Prevention of Laminitis: Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Laminitis

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Effects of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B on lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus

Sensor analysis and initial assessment of detectable first hoof contacts and last break-overs as unique signal fluctuations for equine gait analysis

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