A novel Bruton tyrosine kinase gene variation was found in an adult with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia during blood cross‐matching prior to surgical operation

Abstract

SUMMARY Aims/Objectives To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of the patient's ABO typing discrepancy. Background ABO typing discrepancy was frequently seen in patients due to different causes. In this study, ABO typing discrepancy was found in a 24‐year‐old man with arthralgia, whose forward ABO grouping was O and reverse ABO grouping was AB. Primary immunodeficiency disease was speculated in this patient, especially X‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Methods Immunoglobulins of all isotypes were detected using a specific protein analyser. Lymphocyte subgroups were analysed by flow cytometry. All 19 exons and boundaries of BTK gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and all PCR products were sequenced by a DNA analyser. BTK protein in the leukocytes and platelets was detected by Western blot. Results No B lymphocytes could be detected in the peripheral blood of the patient. A novel BTK gene variation, c.817G>T, in the exon 9 of BTK gene was discovered. No BTK protein expression could be detected in the leukocytes and platelets of the patient. Conclusions XLA could be occasionally discovered by ABO typing discrepancy in some cases because of the deficiency of reciprocal IgM anti‐A and/or anti‐B antibodies in the serum of the patient. Humoral immunodeficiency is one of the causes of ABO typing discrepancy.

An X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patient with fever and disturbance of consciousness: infection with Torque teno virus?

“…The XLA diagnosis was confirmed by flow cytometry and a genetic BTK test. A nucleotide substitution, c.817G>T , was found in the DNA of the patient, which lies in the exon 9 of the BTK gene and the SH3 domain of the protein (Wang et al, 2019). Unfortunately, he had received IVIG therapy only once in three years.…”

Presentation of a case of Bruton type primary agammaglobulinemia in Guinea

“…After mutation of the BTK gene, there is a failure of B cell development and affected patients have a significantly low level (<1%) of mature B cells in peripheral blood [ 4 , 8 ]. They fail to generate plasma cells and therefore have markedly low levels of all IgG classes with virtually no humoral response [ 3 , 9 ]. It also leads to a reduction in the size of lymph nodes and tonsils, as reported in our case.…”