Background: Two methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-histidine)-poly(L-lactide) (mPEG-PH-PLLA) triblock copolymers with different poly(L-histidine) chain lengths were synthesized. The morphology and biocompatibility of these self-assembled nanoparticles was investigated. Methods: Doxorubicin, an antitumor drug, was trapped in the nanoparticles to explore their drug-release behavior. The drug-loaded nanoparticles were incubated with HepG2 cells to evaluate their antitumor efficacy in vitro. The effects of poly(L-histidine) chain length on the properties, drug-release behavior, and antitumor efficiency of the nanoparticles were investigated. Results: The nanoparticles were pH-sensitive. The mean diameters of the two types of mPEG-PH-PLLA nanoparticle were less than 200 nm when the pH values were 5.0 and 7.4. The nanoparticles were nontoxic to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The release of doxorubicin at pH 5.0 was much faster than that at pH 7.4. The release rate of mPEG 45 -PH 15 -PLLA 82 nanoparticles was much faster than that of mPEG 45 -PH 30 -PLLA 82 nanoparticles at pH 5.0.
Conclusion:The inhibition effect of mPEG 45 -PH 15 -PLLA 82 nanoparticles on the growth of HepG2 cells was greater than that of mPEG 45 -PH 30 -PLLA 82 nanoparticles when the concentration of encapsulated doxorubicin was less than 15 µg/mL. Keywords: poly(ethylene glycol), poly(L-histidine), poly(L-lactide), pH sensitivity, doxorubicin, drug release, nanoparticle
IntroductionBiodegradable polymeric nanoparticle-based antitumor drug delivery systems have attracted much interest among biomaterials scientists [1][2][3] for their advantages of excellent biocompatibility, escaping of the reticuloendothelial system to avoid blood clearance and elimination from the body, [4][5][6] and passive targeting to tumor cells due to the enhanced permeation and retention effect. [7][8][9][10][11] However, passive drug delivery systems cannot guarantee optimal therapeutic efficacy in tumors with multidrug resistance.12,13 Stimulus-sensitive drug carriers could trigger drug release in response to local environmental conditions, so this is a potentially promising approach for cancer chemotherapy. Stimuli such as pH, [14][15][16][17] and release drugs loaded into intracellular acidic endosomes. The other strategy is to induce physical dissociation [26][27][28][29][30] or interior structural change via variation in pH level. 31,32 The pKa of the imidazole group in L-histidine is around 6.0, which means that protonation would occur when pH is about 6.0. For polymeric nanoparticles containing poly(Lhistidine) segments, protonation of imidazole groups would lead to structural change in the nanoparticles, and this has been utilized to fabricate pH-sensitive nanodrug carriers. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In addition to protonation, the poly(L-histidine) segment has strong endosomolytic properties via its proton sponge effect and/or interaction with anionic phospholipids in the endosomal membrane 27,28,33 for easy delivery of drugs into cancer cells. In our prev...