A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Electropolymerized Ion Imprinted PoPD/ERGO Composite for Trace Cd(II) Determination in Water

Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerized ion imprinted poly (o-phenylenediamine) PoPD/electrochemical reduced graphene (ERGO) composite on glass carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for selective and sensitive determination of trace Cd(II) in water. ERGO was first deposited on the surface of GCE by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) scanning to enhance the electron transport activity at electrode surface. The ion imprinted polymer (IIP) of imprinted PoPD was then in situ electropolymerized on ERGO via CV scanning with oPD as functional monomer and Cd(II) ions as template, following removal of the template using electrochemical peroxidation method. The obtained imprinted PoPD/RERGO composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) for the observation of their morphologies and components. The electrochemical behavior of the imprinted PoPD/ERGO/GCE was performed by CV and SWASV. The fabricated sensor of the imprinted PoPD/ERGO/GCE showed a good selectivity toward target Cd(II) ions in the presence of other heavy metal ions. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibited a good linear relationship between SWASV stripping peak values and Cd(II) concentration in the range of 1 to 50 ng/mL, with the limit of detection as 0.13 ng/mL (S/N = 3). The proposed electrochemical sensor of imprinted PoPD/ERGO/GCE was successfully applied for trace Cd(II) determination in real water samples.

Electrochemical Devices to Monitor Ionic Analytes for Healthcare and Industrial Applications

“…Jiyang Wang et al [74] also proposed a novel electrochemical sensor that was based on electropolymerized ion imprinted poly(o-phenylenediamine) PoPD/electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) composite for determining trace Cd 2+ on glassy carbon electrode in water. In this process, ERGO was deposited through cyclic voltammetry on the surface of the glass carbon electrode to enhance the transport of electron activity at the surface of the electrode.…”

Selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors based on an ion imprinting polymer and graphene oxide for the detection of ultra-trace Cd(ii) in biological samples

“…12 Due to the high sensitivity and excellent selectivity of the voltammetric method, it has been widely used for the determination of organic and/or inorganic species. 17,18 Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) are additional voltammetric techniques for the determination of different target analytes. The ASV method is one of the most popular voltammetric techniques for recognition and detection of up to thirty different elements.…”

“…The ASV method is one of the most popular voltammetric techniques for recognition and detection of up to thirty different elements. 15,[17][18][19][20] Due to the capability of ASV to concentrate the metal analyte over the working electrode surface at a high negative potential before the electrochemical determination, it is used for quantication of low concentration levels of analytes. Aer the preconcentration step, dissolution of the deposited metals is achieved by sweeping the potential in the anodic direction.…”

“…12 The ion imprinting technique is a versatile approach for synthesizing a polymer matrix with a high affinity for a template ion that is chosen depending on the polymerization process. 17,18 The IIP is usually fabricated by the polymerization of monomers with a cross-linker in the presence of an initiator and the template ion. Then, aer leaching of target ions, imprinted cavities are formed in the polymeric matrices.…”

One-Step Electrodeposition Synthesized Aunps/Mxene/ERGO for Selectivity Nitrite Sensing

“…The electrochemical reduction method of GO to RGO is advantageous over chemical reduction methods due to its low cost, toxic free, green and fast approach [ 42 ]. The electrochemical sensors based on ERGO nanohybrid have been widely reported, such as in dopamine [ 43 ], nitrite [ 44 ] and Cd(II) [ 45 ] detection.…”