A novel encapsulation of Streptomyces fulvissimus Uts22 by spray drying and its biocontrol efficiency against Gaeumannomyces graminis, the causal agent of take‐all disease in wheat

Abstract

BACKGROUND Wheat is a valuable food source that is exposed to many diseases that reduce its quantity and quality. One of the most important diseases affecting wheat is take‐all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. The application of bacterial inoculants into the soil can increase plant nutrient absorption and enhance the efficiency of probiotic bacteria. For increased beneficial bacteria efficiency, the encapsulation technique has been used in agriculture. RESULTS The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated that the prepared formulation is a mixture of gellan and chitosan. Using SEM, the spherical structure of the microcapsules was confirmed. It was observed that the increase in bacterial release was gradual, and the highest amount of bacteria was released (109 CFU mL–1) on the 50th day. Greenhouse experiments showed that plants treated with S. fulvissimus Uts22 microcapsules had the highest efficiency with 90% disease control. Moreover, the highest fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots were observed in this treatment. CONCLUSION In this study, a new type of formulation aiming at controlling wheat take‐all disease was developed through bacterial and nanoparticles loaded chitosan‐ gellan gum microcapsules with spray drying method. This formulation has many advantages, such as a large surface area and high internal porosity and increased water‐holding capacity, while it also provides a proper habitat for bacteria to increase colonization rates and offers protection of the soil. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Salinity Stress: Toward Sustainable Plant Strategies and Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Encapsulation for Reducing It

“…Although ideal bacterial agents have been reported during laboratory screenings, their application in the field has not been very successful. One of the reasons for this lack of success can be considered the adverse effect of environmental factors (including salinity stress) on the bacteria used, which reduces their efficiency and may kill them [7,8]. To increase their viability and improve their performance, it is necessary to add a suitable formulation of these factors in the soil.…”

Encapsulation of Plant Biocontrol Bacteria with Alginate as a Main Polymer Material

“…This method also produces a very fine powder, and it is unsuitable for heat-sensitive material. Saberi-Riseh and Moradi-Pour [95] reported that the number of Streptomyces fulvissimus Uts22 bacteria in chitosan-gellan gum microcapsules obtained by this method was approximately 10 8 CFU g −1 after storage for 2 months. method are the restriction in the selection of wall materials and the lack of microcapsule uniformity [95].…”

“…Saberi-Riseh and Moradi-Pour [95] reported that the number of Streptomyces fulvissimus Uts22 bacteria in chitosan-gellan gum microcapsules obtained by this method was approximately 10 8 CFU g −1 after storage for 2 months. method are the restriction in the selection of wall materials and the lack of microcapsule uniformity [95]. This method also produces a very fine powder, and it is unsuitable for heat-sensitive material.…”

“…However, since this process occurs in a hot environment, it might not be suitable for bacterial encapsulation. Other disadvantages of this method are the restriction in the selection of wall materials and the lack of microcapsule uniformity [95]. This method also produces a very fine powder, and it is unsuitable for heat-sensitive material.…”

Biopolymers for Biological Control of Plant Pathogens: Advances in Microencapsulation of Beneficial Microorganisms

“…A mixture of xanthan-gellan gum can be used to encapsulate PGPR [43,44,128], the granules produced from a mixture xanthan-gellan gum are resistant to acidic conditions, unlike the granules obtained from alginates [70]. Saberi-Riseh and Moradi-Pour [61] encapsulated Streptomyces fulvissimus Uts22 in chitosangellan gum beads.…”