A novel expression selection approach allows precise mapping of the hepatitis B virus enhancer

Tognoni, Angelo; Cattaneo, Roberto; Serfling, Edgar; Schaffner, Walter

doi:10.1093/nar/13.20.7457

Cited by 90 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The insert was excised from the resulting construction by a SacI/HincII digestion and, after separation on an agarose gel, recovered by electroelution. The insert was then partially digested by AluI and the fragment containing the IRS-like and (interferon gene regulatory element) IRE-like sequences was purified as before and subcloned in pSVXB-pl [29] restricted by Sac1 and SmaI. The resulting construct, p56K-T, contains the -244 to -62 region of the IFI-56K promoter in front of the TATA box of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large Tantigen transcription unit.…”

Section: Dna Microinjection and Indirect Immunojluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CsC1-double-purified supercoiled plasmid was microinjected in either HeLa or Vero nuclei as described [30]. 30 h after microinjection, the cells were fixed and stained as described [29].…”

Section: Dna Microinjection and Indirect Immunojluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, increasing amounts of injected DNA progressively lead to a constitutive expression of T-antigen that could no longer be stimulated upon interferon treatment. Control cells were either non-injected or injected with the same construction lacking the IFI-56K sequences (pSVXB-pl [29]), but no fluorescent nuclei were detected. Since the -244 to -62 region of the IFI-56K promoter contains a sequence which confers interferon-inducibility to a heterologous gene, we further analysed this and the surrounding sequences.…”

Section: Isolation Of An Ifi-56k Genomic Clonementioning

confidence: 99%

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New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

et al. 1987

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In order to investigate the molecular basis of the regulation of interferon-inducible genes, we isolated the promoter region of two such genes coding for the (2'-S')oligo(adenylate) synthetase and a 56-kDa protein (IFI-56K). The regions surrounding the cap site were sequenced and compared with the sequences of vertebrate and viral DNA present in the Genbank data bank. Small DNA segments were found in both genes which are homologous to part of the promoter region of other genes, such as those of interferon-p, tumor necrosis factor / 3, interleukin-2 and its receptor. Since these homologies were found located in functionally important regions of these genes, we tested whether their inducers also enhance the (2'-5')oligo(adenylate) synthetase and IFI-56K gene expression. We found that poly(r1) . poly(rC) and interleukin-1, activators of the interferon-p gene and of T lymphocytes respectively, are both able to enhance IFI-56K mRNA accumulation in all cell lines tested.Cycloheximide even superinduces this gene when added together with poly(r1) . poly(rC) and interleukin-1 (but not when added with interferon). We showed that these inductions are direct and not mediated by interferon produced by cells in response to poly(r1) . poly(rC) or interleukin-1 . The promoter sequence analyses have thus led to the discovery of unexpected inducers, i.e. an interferon inducer such as poly(r1) . poly(rC) is also able to directly induce a gene that is under the control of interferon.Interferons are proteins or glycoproteins secreted by various cells in response to viral infection or other stimuli. They are defined by their antiviral activity, i.e. protection against subsequent infection by different viruses of pretreated, metabolically active cells. Beside the establishment of an antiviral state, interaction between interferon and its receptor on the cell surface also leads to a wide range of biological effects, such as the inhibition of cell growth and modulations of the immune system (for reviews see [l, 21. In that way interferons, as other cytokines, act as pleiotropic effectors, since they modify not only the biochemistry of some target cells but also the physiology of the entire organism. Conversely it has been suggested that some other cytokines (tumor necrosis factors c( and p [3,41) have intrinsic antiviral activities.Numerous cDNAs corresponding to interferon-inducible genes have been cloned but the biological function of these genes has been discovered in a few cases only. Their transcriptional regulation appears to be rather complex. Indeed, all the genes studied so far seem to behave differently with respect to their kinetics of mRNA accumulation after interferon treatment. Moreover, for a given gene, the response to interferon treatment is dependent on the type of interferon and target cell used [5 -111. Finally, amongst these genes, only some remain inducible in interferon-resistant lymphoblastoid (Daudi) cells, demonstrating the existence of at least two different pathways of induction downstream from the interacti...

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Section: Dna Microinjection and Indirect Immunojluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…CsC1-double-purified supercoiled plasmid was microinjected in either HeLa or Vero nuclei as described [30]. 30 h after microinjection, the cells were fixed and stained as described [29].…”

Section: Dna Microinjection and Indirect Immunojluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation Of An Ifi-56k Genomic Clonementioning

confidence: 99%

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New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

et al. 1987

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“…In 1985, for instance, enhancer regions were reported for the 3200 bp DNA of hepatitis B virus (Shaul et al, 1985 ;Tognoni et al, 1985), and, at the other end of the spectrum of genome sizes, for the major immediate-early gene of human cytomegalovirus (Boshart et al, 1985). The mechanisms of enhancer action remain somewhat mysterious.…”

Section: Aspects Of Virus Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Highlights of Animal Virus Research in 1985

McGeoch¹,

Halliburton²,

Meulen³

et al. 1986

Journal of General Virology

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For some time, the Editors of The Journal of General Virology have sought a format for presenting accounts of advances and notable events in virology, in a broader and more flexible manner than is afforded by the traditional review of a topic in depth. This article represents an experiment in such presentation. Its aim is to look at advances in virus research, and to present brief accounts of the most important and interesting work published within a calendar year. Subject to evaluation of the success of this first essay, an annual feature is envisaged.Implementation of these fine notions, however, has demanded some compromises. Virology comprises such an awesome range of techniques and objectives, with such a disparate assembly of virus types, that rigorous limits were necessary. Thus, we have confined our attention to animal viruses, and explicitly avoided any pretension to constructing a systematic review of all virology; the idea of selectivity was pre-eminent. In addition, this initial account has been very largely composed by one author, and so reflects one particular set of interests. Molecular and genome structural aspects are emphasized, and little overt attention is paid, for instance, to immunity and pathogenesis. The true high points of published research are relatively easy to identify, and their perception is probably not much affected by personal interests. The choice of lesser topics, however, is increasingly subjective; in particular, defining a cut-off point was not trivial. Our dealings are with 1985 as far as is practicable, but research advances do not really respect such clean divisions and so some flexibility has been exercised.Our final qualification concerns the nature of scientific advance: a 'highlight' is a phenomenon of a surface, and thus can exist only with an underlying structure. In our analogy, most research papers are considered part of this substratum. They also are an essential part (indeed, the major part) of overall advance, but their existence is only implicit in the present account.For this review, we consider that the major highlights of 1985 were analysis of the structures of two picornaviruses and research on the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and these are presented first. We then describe in succession selected aspects of work on genome organization, virus gene expression, genome replication and virus proteins, and finish with two topics at the edge of virology, namely, work on scrapie and on retrotransposons. The structures of two picornavirusesThe single and definitive high point of animal virus research in 1985 was the publication of two papers on X-ray crystallographic determination of the three-dimensional (3D) virion 0000-7094 © 1986 SGM

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“…Characterization of the celltype specificity of the HBV enhancers and promoters has suggested that the enhancer elements and the core and large surface antigen promoters may direct preferential gene expression in hepatoma cell lines Karpen et al, 1988;Antonucci & Rutter, 1989;Honigwachs et al, 1989;Yee, 1989;Raney et al, 1990;Chang et al, 1989;Patel et al, 1989;Shaul & Ben Levy, 1987;Yuh & Ting, 1993;Shaul et al, 1985; Publication number 8537-MEM from The Scripps Research Institute. Tognoni et al, 1985), whereas the major surface antigen gene appears to be expressed efficiently in a range of tissue culture cell types (Pourcel et al, 1982;De-Medina et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the minimal elements of the hepatitis B virus large surface antigen promoter

Raney

Easton

McLachlan

1994

Journal of General Virology

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It has been demonstrated that the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) binding site is critical for the majority of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large surface antigen promoter activity in differentiated hepatoma cell lines. Examination of a series of clustered point mutations in the minimal large surface antigen promoter demonstrated that the HNF1 and TATA box binding sites are the major regulatory elements required for transcription from this promoter. Synthetic promoter constructs containing the large surface antigen promoter HNF1 binding site and TATA box element upstream of the luciferase open reading frame were tested for their transcriptional activities in HepG2.1 cells in the absence or presence of an HNF1 expression vector. These synthetic promoter constructs displayed a similar level of transcriptional activity and induction by HNF1 in comparison with the full-length large surface antigen promoter, suggesting that additional HBV sequences are dispensable for full transcriptional activity. The distance between the HNF1 binding site and TATA box element in the synthetic promoter constructs appeared to influence the transcriptional activity modestly and in a periodic manner.

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A novel expression selection approach allows precise mapping of the hepatitis B virus enhancer

Cited by 90 publications

References 63 publications

New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

New inducers revealed by the promoter sequence analysis of two interferon-activated human genes

Some Highlights of Animal Virus Research in 1985

Characterization of the minimal elements of the hepatitis B virus large surface antigen promoter

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