A Novel Grid-Forming Strategy for Voltage-Source Controlled PV Under Nearly 100% Renewable Electricity

Hu, Pan; Jiang, Kezhen; Ji, Xiaotong; Tan, Daojun; Liú, Dan; Cao, Kejiang; Wang, Wei

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.915763

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, with higher integration of DERs, conventional generators alone may not maintain the stability of the system due to lack of spinning reserve. Grid forming converters (GFC) are suitable to provide virtual inertia to maintain the system dynamics (Hu et al, 2022). Hence, this paper proposes a novel implementation of real-time Volt-Var Control (VVC) on GFC on a cyber-physical co-simulation (CPCS) framework developed in this study.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Volt-Var control of grid forming converters in DER-enriched distribution network

Wagle

Sharma²,

Sharma³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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The growing installation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in a distribution network (DN) poses substantial issues related to voltage regulation. Due to constrained switching operation and slower response time, traditional voltage regulation devices cannot handle current voltage-related challenges. One alternative to solve these problems is to use smart converters to control the reactive power to regulate the voltage. Volt-Var control (VVC) is one of the simplest approaches for controlling the reactive power from smart converters. Among several converters, grid forming converters (GFCs) are more suitable in DER-enriched distribution networks. Since DER-enriched distribution networks have a higher fluctuation in voltage profile, real-time control is advantageous. Therefore, this work presents an advanced real-time reactive power control for handling voltage violations in a DN using GFC. The uniqueness of this method is that it controls the voltage magnitude of affected nodes by dispatching reactive power from smart converters in real-time. By running cyber-physical co-simulation (CPCS) between the Typhoon HIL 604 and OpenDSS, the Volt-Var control can be done in real time. The grid-forming converter is modelled in Typhoon HIL 604, which acts as a physical layer of the proposed cyber-physical system for real-time VVC. A CIGRE medium voltage distribution network is designed in OpenDSS and serves as one of the parts of the cyber layer. The CPCS between Typhoon HIL and OpenDSS and the control algorithm are both done by a programme written in Python. The execution of the control algorithm is performed in real time using the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) developed in this study. The real-time simulation shows that the proposed real-time VVC is capable of handling voltage violations in real time in DER-enriched distribution networks.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Volt-Var control of grid forming converters in DER-enriched distribution network

Wagle

Sharma²,

Sharma³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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“…In order to solve the problems of "low inertia" and "weak damping" brought about by the high proportion of power electronic devices large-scale access to the power grid represented by converters, scholars in various countries have proposed the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control technology by drawing on the physical mechanism of synchronous generators [20][21][22], which applied the synchronous generator's rotor motion equations and the primary frequency regulation to the control of power electronic devices [23], so as to make the external characteristics of the power electronic devices present the similarity of the synchronous generator's inertia and damping characteristics [24], and to be able to autonomously establish the voltage and frequency of the system [25,26], so as to effectively improve the stability of the power system dominated by the power electronic devices [27]. At present, many studies have been conducted on the single-unit operating characteristics of GFM converter [28], while the research on the stability of high proportion or even 100% renewable electricity hybrid system which are composed of GFM/GFL converters is relatively scarce. From the perspective of grid operation, some countries in the world, such as Denmark and Ireland, have already experienced scenarios where the instantaneous penetration rate of renewable energy reaches or even exceeds 100% during part of the year [29], and the dynamic behavior and stability problems of the system under such extreme scenarios are fundamentally different from the traditional power systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Signal Modeling and Configuration Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter under 100% Renewable Electricity Systems

Jiang,

Liu,

Cao

et al. 2023

Electronics

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With the rapid development of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics, the penetration rate of power electronic equipment represented by grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converters in the power system has been increasing. The development of modern power systems is gradually showing a trend of high proportion of renewable energy and high proportion of power electronic devices (double-high), which profoundly changes the dynamic characteristics of modern power systems. Most of the converters in the power system adopt the GFL control strategy, which lacks the ability to support frequency and voltage. The converter with GFM control have gradually been incorporated into high-proportion renewable energy systems due to their voltage support and inertial response capabilities. However, the proportion configurations of GFM converter in the GFM/GFL hybrid system still needs to be further investigated. Therefore, this paper compares the basic principles and control methods of converters based on GFM strategy and GFL strategy, establishes the small-signal model of 100% REI system, and comparatively analyzes the dynamic characteristics of GFM and GFL converters. Secondly, a proportional configuration method for the GFM converter in 100% renewable electricity independent system (100% REI system) is proposed, and then through the small-signal model, the influence of different proportions of GFM converters and control mode on the stability of 100% REI system is discussed, the minimum configuration proportion of GFM converter to satisfy the stable operation of the system is explored. Finally, the correctness of the proportional configuration of GFM converters proposed in this paper and the engineering feasibility of independent operation of 100% REI system is verified.

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“…Grid-following technology is frequently used with traditional renewable energy. The controlled current (CC) is another name for these inverter-based resources [3,4]. The voltage and frequency at the point of common coupling (PCC) are tracked by the CC type following grid-side voltage and angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And a real CV source can automatically synchronize with the grid. For example, [3] introduces a DC voltage collapse prevention controller along with a streamlined frequency and inertia controller to smartly capture and release PV energy, completing the core principle of self-synchronous voltage-source photovoltaic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Grid-Forming Strategy for Self-Synchronous PMSG under Nearly 100% Renewable Electricity

Hu,

Jiang,

et al. 2023

Energies

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The demand for decarbonization calls for building up a nearly 100% renewable electricity resulting in Grid-forming (GFM) capability requirements. The foregoing paradigm shifts from synchronous AC systems to converter-based systems that need to remain stable and self-synchronous while providing GFM services. However, as this article’s analysis in the introduction, achieving such goals inevitably necessitates the implementation of a PLL controller and energy storage in a wind turbine, whereas it is not suitable to operate in a weak energy system. To tackle this issue, a novel grid-forming method is proposed. The suggested idea calls for creating a DC voltage controller in a grid-side converter that mimics inertia response and applying a Rotor kinetic energy storage (RKES) controller in a Generator-side converter. Moreover, a coordinated controller of RKES controllers and conventional low voltage ride-through (LVRT) is proposed to gain increases in dynamic performance and maintain grid-forming capabilities in the transient process. Extensive modeling, experimental results based on a semi-physical platform, and an actual wind farm demonstration project are provided to validate the proposed controls. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method when applied to the future 100% renewable electricity.

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A Novel Grid-Forming Strategy for Voltage-Source Controlled PV Under Nearly 100% Renewable Electricity

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Real-time Volt-Var control of grid forming converters in DER-enriched distribution network

Real-time Volt-Var control of grid forming converters in DER-enriched distribution network

Small-Signal Modeling and Configuration Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter under 100% Renewable Electricity Systems

A Novel Grid-Forming Strategy for Self-Synchronous PMSG under Nearly 100% Renewable Electricity

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