A Novel Hybrid Powerplant for Passenger Bus Applications

Stobart, Richard; Chaudhari, Anita

doi:10.4271/2007-01-4120

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, hydrogen was examined in dual fuel operation with diesel, 21 as was methanol. 11,42 Additionally, gasoline was used 36 whereas gasified woody biomass syngas was considered by Moriconi et al, 43 in increasing carbon content sequence. Lastly, additional SOFC features involving all operating temperature and pressure, steam-to-carbon ratio, utilization factor and current density were listed in Table A1 of the Appendix, as adapted from cited literature.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engine operation seemed to eventually be impacted by SOFC's utilization factor and its excess oxygen ratio, as anticipated. Moreover, Stobart and Chaudhari 11 investigated the same core configuration running on both methanol and diesel, and developed a model using QSS-TB from the Simulink toolbox, involving a boosted diesel with a variable-geometry turbocharger with EGR. They simulated drive cycles for two separate locations, in which increased hybridization of the SOFC to the ICE seemed to result to significantly greater gains.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of innovative technologies in the transportation sector has been mainly identified in electric, 9 hydrogen, 10 and hybrid vehicles. 11 Research on the gradual electrification of passenger cars indicated that future projections, in respect to the number of electric vehicles (EVs), are expected to account for over a third of all circulating cars by 2030. 12 Meanwhile, vehicles running on hydrogen mainly operate on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), in which reverse electrolysis results to current production being directed to the vehicle's electric motor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating realistic anode off-gas combustion in SOFC/ICE hybrid systems: mini review and experimental evaluation

Nikiforakis

Ran

Sprengel³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been deployed in hybrid decentralized energy systems, in which they are directly coupled to internal combustion engines (ICEs). Prior research indicated that the anode tailgas exiting the SOFC stack should be additionally exploited due to its high energy value, with typical ICE operation favoring hybridization due to matching thermodynamic conditions during operation. Consequently, extensive research has been performed, in which engines are positioned downstream the SOFC subsystem, operating in several modes of combustion, with the most prevalent being homogeneous compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI). Experiments were performed in a 3-cylinder ICE operating in the latter modus operandi, where the anode tailgas was assimilated by mixing syngas (H2: 33.9%, CO: 15.6%, CO2: 50.5%) with three different water vapor flowrates in the engine’s intake. While increased vapor content significantly undermined engine performance, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) surpassed 34% in the best case scenario, which outperformed the majority of engines operating under similar operating conditions, as determined from the conducted literature review. Nevertheless, the best performing application was identified operating under HCCI, in which diesel reformates assimilating SOFC anode tailgas, fueled a heavy duty ICE (17:1), and gross indicated thermal efficiency ([Formula: see text]) of 48.8% was achieved, with the same engine exhibiting identical performance when operating in reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI). Overall, emissions in terms of NOx and CO were minimal, especially in SI engines, while unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) were non-existent due to the absence of hydrocarbons in the assessed reformates.

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