A novel inspection of mechanisms in conversion of refined palm oil to biodiesel with alkaline catalyst

Thoai, Dang Nguyen; Chanakaewsomboon, Issara; Prasertsit, Kulchanat; Photaworn, Songtham; Tongurai, Chakrit

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115831

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For study of the reaction zone of saponification reaction using potassium methoxide catalyst during biodiesel production, in previous studies [21,22], microscopic observations of the mass diffusion and chemical reaction between the triglyceride and alkaline-methanol phases were performed on a concave glass slide as a microreactor. This was also carried out to determine the zone of reaction at room temperature (approx.…”

Section: Study Of the Effects Of Various Factors On Soap Formation And The Reaction Zone Of Saponification Reaction Using Potassium Methomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies have assessed the actual events in liquid-liquid mass transfer during transesterification via microscopic visual observations at room temperature [21,22,29]. The miscibility of biodiesel (FAME) and refined palm oil (RPO) with a homogeneous alkaline catalyst (KOCH 3 ), and mass transfer by diffusion, were studied on a concave glass slide as a micro-reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

Chanakaewsomboon

Phoungthong

Palamanit

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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During transesterification reactions, catalyst content, free fatty acids (FFA), and water content affect the final ester content, which is also impacted by soap formation that is yet to be completely elucidated. This research aimed to examine the effects of reaction time (0-10 min), FFA content (0.2-1.1 wt%), and potassium methoxide amount (KOCH 3 0.5-2.42 wt%) during the transesterification reaction of refined palm oil containing 0.49 wt% FFA. Soap formation occurred during the first few seconds of the reaction, and then, the soap content remained relatively constant. From a microscopic point view, soap should act as a mass-diffusion barrier reducing reactant mass fluxes to the reaction zone. High FFA content in palm oil causes high soap formation. A high-water content leads to soap formation in FAME and RPO. FFA contributes to soap formation due to neutralization and saponification reactions. It was found that the optimal catalyst content to meet biodiesel property standards (i.e., particularly that the ester content is greater than 96.5%) was 1.0 wt% of oil. Catalyst addition below 0.7 wt % resulted in diesel that did not meet the required ester content standard. Catalyst addition exceeding 1% did not improve the conversion further, but it increases the production costs. Regarding the effects of the type of catalyst on the 2 nd step transesterification of FAME, the use of potassium hydroxide showed more soap formation than potassium methoxide. The results suggest that the drawbacks associated with high catalyst utilization should be addressed.

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Section: Study Of the Effects Of Various Factors On Soap Formation And The Reaction Zone Of Saponification Reaction Using Potassium Methomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

Chanakaewsomboon

Phoungthong

Palamanit

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…An alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process is the most common method because of the high reaction rates that coincide with this method. The mechanism of the reaction is reported in detail by Thoai et al (2019). Firstly, KOH catalyst was dissolved and mixed with isopropanol until homogeneous.…”

Section: Transesterification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Synthesis of Fatty Acid Isopropyl Ester using Microwave

Maulida¹,

Zahrati²,

Kamila³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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“…Thus, in-depth knowledge of the phenomena involved in its operations involves detailing the interactions between the different partially miscible or immiscible liquid phases present, including oil, alcohol, biodiesel and glycerin. The different approaches to assess liquid-liquid interactions in the production of biodiesel identified as a heterogeneous process have highlighted the contributions of mass transfer, although associated with reaction effects [3][4][5][6]. However, this type an approach in which the mass transfer is not considered independently as a relevant step, prevents accurate descriptions of the effects that directly influence the performance of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In batch operations, the effects of the mixture involve the dispersion of alcohol in the oil in the form of droplets, whose interfaces allow the dissolution of the triglycerides that are transferred internally [8][9][10]. On the other hand, the separation of glycerol involving the transfer of oil to glycerin is a determining step for obtaining high-purity biodiesel [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative of Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Operations of Oil-Alcohol-Glycerin Systems

Silva¹,

Abreu²

2022

Alternative Energies and Efficiency Evaluation

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The effects of mass transfer were quantified for the effective performance of mixtures between partially miscible phases, or for the promotion of their separations. To consolidate the analysis of heterogeneous liquid–liquid processes, variations in the composition of the liquid phases over the evolution of contact operations were considered, detailing the physical mechanisms involved in the mixtures of oil (soy, sunflower) and alcohol (methanol, ethanol), and in the separation between biodiesel and glycerin. Based on experimental evaluations, the average distribution coefficients for triglycerides (oil-alcohol) and glycerol (biodiesel-glycerin) were estimated at 1.31 and 1.46, and 3.42 × 10−2 and 4.06 × 10–2, for soybean and sunflower, respectively, while their mass transfer coefficients, depending on their concentration ranges in the phase, varied in orders of magnitude from 10−2 s−1 to 10–4 s−1. Including the values of the physical parameters, a heterogeneous model for the alkaline transesterification of soybean oil (methanol, ethanol, NaOH, 25°C, 40°C, 60°C, 600 rpm) was validated.

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A novel inspection of mechanisms in conversion of refined palm oil to biodiesel with alkaline catalyst

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

Biodiesel produced using potassium methoxide homogeneous alkaline catalyst: effects of various factors on soap formation

Intensification of Synthesis of Fatty Acid Isopropyl Ester using Microwave

Quantitative of Mass Transfer in Liquid-Liquid Operations of Oil-Alcohol-Glycerin Systems

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