A novel ion-imprinted polymeric sorbent for separation and determination of chromium(III) species in wastewater

Abstract

A new chromium(III) ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was prepared from a Cr(III)-nicotinate complex (template), acrylamide (functional monomer), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linking agent) using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the radical initiator. IIP was characterised and used as a selective sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of Cr(III) ions. The conditions for dynamic separation of Cr(III) on IIP were optimised. Cr(III) ions are selectively retained on the sorbent in a pH range from 9 to 10 and can be eluted with 4 mol L −1 acetic acid. Cr(III) ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) with a detection limit of 0.08 µ g mL −1. The method was successfully applied to determine Cr(III) species in wastewater and reference material RES 25.2 with a reproducibility of 1.8%-3.4%.

Development of Solid Phase Extraction Method Based on Ion Imprinted Polymer for Determination of Cr(III) Ions by ETAAS in Waters

“…In recent years, solid phase extraction (SPE) has become one of the most popular techniques for the separation of chromium species, as it can be easily coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Although commercially available materials are often used as solid sorbents, there has been an increasing interest in recent years to design special, new materials that are characterized by high selectivity for a given analyte, e.g., functionalized graphene and carbon nanotubes [16], nanocomposites [17,18], nanoparticles [15,19] or ion imprinted polymers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

“…A review of the literature has shown that Cr(III)-ion imprinted polymers were prepared using Cr(III) complexes with 2-methacryloylamidohistidine (MAH) [23], nicotinic acid [24], 8-hydroxyquinoline [25], 1,5-diphenylcarbazide [26] and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate [27] as templates. The polymeric structure was mainly formed by the cross-linking of methacrylic acid [26], acrylamide [24,27] with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [24,27] or divinylbenzene [25].…”

“…A review of the literature has shown that Cr(III)-ion imprinted polymers were prepared using Cr(III) complexes with 2-methacryloylamidohistidine (MAH) [23], nicotinic acid [24], 8-hydroxyquinoline [25], 1,5-diphenylcarbazide [26] and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate [27] as templates. The polymeric structure was mainly formed by the cross-linking of methacrylic acid [26], acrylamide [24,27] with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [24,27] or divinylbenzene [25]. The sorption properties of the prepared IIPs were tested in model solutions [23,29], and a few of them were used for the analysis of chromium species in various environmental water samples [23][24][25]27,28,30,33] [(Table 1).…”

“…The polymeric structure was mainly formed by the cross-linking of methacrylic acid [26], acrylamide [24,27] with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [24,27] or divinylbenzene [25]. The sorption properties of the prepared IIPs were tested in model solutions [23,29], and a few of them were used for the analysis of chromium species in various environmental water samples [23][24][25]27,28,30,33] [(Table 1). The prepared Cr(III)-IIPs were used, mostly in a static mode, as solid sorbents in SPE due to the slow kinetics of analyte sorption and desorption process [23,29,[31][32][33].…”

“…For example, sorption of Cr(III) from a solution of pH 6 on the Cr(III)-MAH-EGDMA polymer occurred within 30 min, whereas its desorption with 0.1 mol/L succinic acid lasted 2 h [23]. The Cr(III)-IIPs, characterized by faster sorption kinetics, were applied in a dynamic mode [24][25][26][27], which allowed for the minimization of sample/reagent consumption and waste production. This reduced the risk of sample contamination as well as increased the sampling frequency [25].…”