A Novel Label Free Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for Human Interleukin‐6 Quantification in Serum

Abstract

A novel magnetoimmunosensor, designed for sensitive and selective quantification of interleukin 6, is herein reported. The experimental design involves the covalent immobilization of anti‐interleukin 6 antibody through an amidic bond formed with the carboxyl functionalities provided at the surface of protein G‐functionalized magnetic microparticles, assuring a sandwich‐type immunoassay with electrochemical label free detection. All the experimental parameters involved in the elaboration and testing protocol were optimized. A linear calibration plot between the charge transfer resistance and the logarithmic concentration of interleukin‐6 was achieved in the 1 pg mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 range. A limit of quantification of 1 pg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1 were obtained. The optimized magnetoimmunosensor showed an excellent selectivity against some potentially interfering proteins and has been successfully applied for the determination of target protein in human serum, proving its clinical relevance.

Development of an Electrochemical CCL5 Chemokine Immunoplatform for Rapid Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

“…Few articles have reported the use of EIS with functionalized MBs. However, the ability of this technique to investigate the change in resistance and capacitance of the interface providing insights into the effects of incubation of imunoreagents in the charge transfer process at electrodes modified with MBs have been demonstrated in various articles [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases

“…As can be seen in Table 2 , numerous electrochemical immunoassays have been developed for the single or simultaneous determination of cytokines combining the advantages of using MBs and SPEs [ 25 , 29 , 31 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 53 , 56 ].…”

“…An interesting strategy makes use of a semi-automated, microfluidic immunoassay involving Strep-MBs coated with Btn-DAb and Strep-HRP and an 8-sensor array coated with glutathione (GSH)-AuNP for the multi-determination of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and CRP in human serum samples from head and neck cancer patients [ 25 ]. Another illustrative example is the direct immunoassay with impedimetric transduction developed to determine IL-6 using commercial MBs modified with the bacterial antibody binding protein G (ProtG) on which the CAb was immobilized in an oriented manner across its Fc region [ 53 ].…”

Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19

“… IL-1β, IL-10 Gold working microelectrode Anti-Human Il-6, IL-1, IL-10 antibody Pharmaceutical preparation 0.7, 0.3 1 – 15, 1 – 15 [ 119 ] IL-6 8 × 50 μm gold needle electrodes Anti-IL-6 antibody 5% BSA solutions to simulate blood - - [ 120 ] IL-6 Graphene based field effect transistor IL-6 specific aptamers Pharmaceutical preparation. Human saliva samples 252 - [ 121 ] IL-6 Silicon nanowire field effect transistor Rat IL-6 antibody Rat exhale breath 5 5 – 5*10ˆ4 [ 117 ] IL-6 Magnetic microparticles and planar graphite-screen printed electrodes Anti IL-6 antibody Human serum 0.3 1 – 1*10ˆ6 [ 122 ] IL-6 Carbon Screen Printed electrode modified with polypyrrole and gold nanoparticles. IL-6 aptamer Human Serum 0.33 1 - 15 [ 123 ] IL-6 Functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) microarrays IL-6 aptamer Spiked Blood 1.0 1 – 1*10ˆ4 [ 124 ] IL-6 horizontally aligned single walled carbon nanotubes forms a liquid gate field effect transistor Anti IL-6 antibody Rabbit serum 1.37 1 - 100 [ 17 ] …”