A novel method for determining skin deformation of lower limb in cycling

Luo, Shunhua; Wang, Jianping; Yao, Xiaofeng; Zhang, Lingxi

doi:10.1080/00405000.2016.1269403

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The skin deformation of the thigh reached a minimum when pedaling was at the BDC position with the maximum knee flexion angle, while the deformation rate was increased to the maximum when pedaling was at the TDC position with the minimum knee angle during cycling in a bending posture. This finding is similar to that of Luo et al 28 . In this study, it was also found that the change rates of longitudinal skin lines on the anterior and posterior thigh were higher than the skin lines in another two directions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The skin deformation of the torso during cycling in bending posture was first investigated in this study, since previous studies 7,10,27,28 investigated only the lower body’s skin deformation. The results from the studies by Choi and Ashdown 7 and Choi and Hong 10 showed that skin deformation (i.e., contraction and extension) of the anterior and the posterior were opposite during cycling in a bending posture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design

Shi

Jiao

Shin

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

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Skin deformation during cycling is an important factor when designing a performance cycling garment, as the space between the body and the garment creates aerodynamic drag and a subsequent negative impact on the cyclist’s performance. Thus, skin deformation has been studied for an aerodynamic skinsuit via a three-dimensional (3D) body image. An understanding of skin deformation during cycling, especially in the torso and thigh areas, is essential for cycling suit design and pattern making, and there are few studies investigating this. This study aimed to analyze cyclists’ 3D skin deformation during cycling captured by a motion capture system. Eight healthy male amateur cyclists were invited to participate in this study. The trajectories of 68 reflective markers on the skin were continuously captured during cycling. The mean values and standard deviations of the eight participants’ skin deformation were analyzed against the static posture skin data. The results showed that the anterior torso skin was contracted by 0.3–22.3%, while most of the posterior torso skin measurements were expanded by 6.7–32.0% during cycling in a bending posture when compared to a standing posture during cycling. The skin deformation value of the torso was stable after the first bending posture during cycling. The thigh skins were deformed from –14.7% to 7.6% during cycling. The results can be used as pattern adjustment rate for compression cycling skinsuit design.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design

Shi

Jiao

Shin

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multiple landmarking techniques from previous studies were analyzed for the waist-hip-thigh region of the body. Five landmark application tools were reviewed; stickers and washable markers [13], 3D landmarking [1], stamps [11], and light projection [12], along with six methods to landmark the body; traditional ISO landmark locations [10], crease and body lines [14,15], incremental spacing [2], landmarks printed on garments [16], reference grids [17,8], and stamped speckle patterns [18].…”

Section: Landmarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method to Capture and Analyze the Waist-Hip-Thigh Body Region of Seated-Standing 3D Scans

Griffin¹,

Juhnke²,

Seifert

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2019 - 10th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies,

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The purpose of this research was to explore new methods of 3D scanning, body postures, and landmarking techniques to complete in-depth analyses of skin deformation, measurement change, and shape change of the waist-hip-thigh region of the body. There is a need to develop and test new integrated measurement analyses using 1D, 2D, and 3D data to quantify how and where the body is changing in different postures. An integrated approach was taken to select the appropriate 3D scanning technology, develop a landmarking method, and position the body to analyze the waist-hip-thigh region. A convenience sample of 11 women participated in the pilot study, ranging in age from 41-73. Using a quadrant landmarking technique, the body was divided into sections to locally analyze 1D and 2D measurements, while conducting volume and curve analysis to aid our understanding of shape change. Local percent change of each circumference was significant, and the data across the various measurements captured the expansion and shrinking of the body. Additionally, the 1D, 2D, and 3D analysis of the models shows the body deforming differently based on participant size, indicating this type of data could be critical for improved size system creation. The results from the extraction of curves represents exciting frontiers in 3D shape research and in the future will enable shape to be more easily incorporated into wearable garments. This data can improve the development of materials, trims, pattern design, and sizing systems. New 3D scanning methods to quantify diverse bodies can improve a company's competitive advantage through enhanced product fit and inclusive, quality design for all.

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“…Range of motion (ROM) method was extensively applied to assess the movement restriction of protective clothing, which measured the maximum changes in human joint angles with the electro-goniometer and flexometer. 17 –20 In addition, subjective evaluation was extensively applied for assessing the ergonomic performance of functional or protective clothing. 21 –24 These evaluation methods were referential for evaluating the ergonomic performance of clothing for delivery personnel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving ergonomic performance of work pants for delivery personnel based on skin deformation measurement

Song

Huiming

et al. 2022

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Clothing plays a significant role in affecting the performance, comfort, and mobility of human body. However, no study explored the clothing for delivery personnel with improved ergonomic performance. The purpose of this study was to develop a pair of novel work pants to increase the mobility and comfort of delivery personnel. Skin deformation rates of eight university students were measured using surface-painting-line method under various typical activities simulating those of the delivery personnel. Then, based on the results, a pair of novel pants was developed. After that, 25 male students were recruited to compare the ergonomic performances between the novel work pants and traditional pants using both objective and subjective methods. It is discovered that the largest skin deformation rate was at the centerline in the upper (49.3%) and lower knee regions (52.3%) under riding activity. Novel work pants were then developed by creating folded structures in the regions based on the deformation rates, which could be stretched and shortened following human movement. Human tests revealed that the novel pants could significantly increase the range of motion of hip flexion and improve ease of move and comfort sensations in the knees and limbs as well as reducing pressure sensations in these regions. The novel work pants could effectively improve wearers’ mobility and comfort both in the limbs and was thus expected to reduce the limb fatigue and improve performance of the delivery personnel.

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A novel method for determining skin deformation of lower limb in cycling

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design

Study of cyclists’ skin deformation for compression skinsuit design

Method to Capture and Analyze the Waist-Hip-Thigh Body Region of Seated-Standing 3D Scans

Improving ergonomic performance of work pants for delivery personnel based on skin deformation measurement

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